Module 3 Music單元學案
not having heard from her parents, she decided to write again.
verb+ing 稱為現在分詞的一般式，也可作狀語，現在分詞的一般式表示的時間概念與主動詞同時發生或幾乎同時發生。如：
walking through the streets , he caught sight of a tailor’s shop.相當于when / while he was walking through the street…（動作與主動詞同時發生）
hearing the news , he jumped up with joy.相當于as soon as he heard the news…（動作與主動詞幾乎同時發生）
2. after studying music in vienna , haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern austria , where he became director of music. 在維也納學習音樂之后，海頓去奧地利東部一個王子的宮廷工作。在那里他成了音樂指揮家。
after studying music in vienna 是介詞短語,用作狀語,表示時間.因為after 用作介詞,所以后面要接v.-ing 形式.這一部分可以改寫為: after he studied music in vienna
after graduating, she went to new york.
before leaving, the gave us a performance. 離開前,他們為我們進行了表演。
3. by the time he was 14, mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras. 莫扎特到14歲的時候，不僅已經譜寫了許多管弦樂曲，還譜寫了許多撥弦鍵琴曲、鋼琴曲和小提琴曲。
as well as 不僅，相當于not only , 如：
he is courageous as well as strong.. 相當于he is not only strong but also courageous.
the editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. 相當于not only the proofreaders but also the editors are working overtime.
by the time “在……之前，到……為止”引導的時間狀語從句。從句中如果用一般過去時，則主句用過去完成時；從句中如果用一般現在時，則主句用將來完成時.
by the time he was 14, he had built a lab of his own.
by the time the letter reaches you , i will have left the country.
4. haydn met mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him.
海頓在1781年與莫扎特相遇，并對他留下了深刻的印象。
be impressed with… 對……留下印象。也可以用be impressed by\at… 如：i was deeply impressed by /with/at his speech.
impress 的其他用法：
1) impress sth upon/on sb 或者 impress sb with sth 使某人銘記某事物。如：
my father impressed on me the importance of work. 或者 my father impressed me with the importance of work.
2) impress sth upon/on sth 在某物上面印上某物。如：
he impressed his name on the box.
5. however it was haydn who encouraged beethoven to move to vienna.
然而，是海頓鼓勵貝多芬移居維也納的。
“it was…who…” 是強調句,該句強調了主語,正常的語序為 “haydn encouraged beethoven to move to vienna.
強調句的基本句型: it is/was+被強調部分+ that(who)… 強調句型用來強調謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當被強調部分是人時也可以用who。