What is happiness to you（精選2篇）

What is happiness to you 篇1

　　現在完成時一、         概念現在完成時主要強調過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響，或過去發生的動作還未結束，一直持續到現在或將來，重點在于對現在的影響。二、         結構

　　現 在 完 成 時

　　構成

　　助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞

　　基

　　本

　　用法

　　1）表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾

　　2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for，since，in the past, in the last…., all this week, so far等表示一段時間的狀語

　　3）表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作，現在成為一種經驗，一般漢語譯為“過”，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語

　　比

　　較

　　現在完成時和一般過去時

　　現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作

　　現在完成時強調的是這一動作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等

　　一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生，不表示和現在的關系

　　注

　　意

　　事

　　項

　　1）have ( has ) been(to)與have ( has ) gone( to)的區別：have ( has ) been(to)表示“去過某地（現在已經回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have ( has ) gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當地）”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once , never, several times等連用，后者則不能

　　2) it is/has been+一段時間 since某事發生這個句型里，since后是持續性動詞時要理解為“某事結束后以經有多久了”； since后是短暫性動詞時要理解為“某事發生后以經有多久了”

　　3）it/this is +序數詞 time或最高級 that 后面的從句用現在完成時

　　4）含有終結或短暫意義的動詞不能和一段時間搭配

　　肯定句:主語＋助動詞have/has ＋過去分詞＋其他

　　講解：這里的have/has是助動詞，沒有什么具體意義。當主語是第三人稱單數時助動詞用has，其余人稱一律用have。has，have的縮略式分別為's或've。

　　例如：

　　1）i've just copied all the new words.我剛抄寫了所有的生詞。 (表示不要再抄了)

　　2）she has lost her books.她丟失了她的書。 （表示到目前為止還沒有找到）

　　3）we've just cleaned the classroom.我們剛好打掃了教室。（表明現在教室是干凈的）否定句: 主語＋助動詞have/has＋not＋過去分詞＋其他

　　講解：現在完成時構成否定句時，只需在助動詞have/has后面加not就行。have not，has not的縮略式分別為haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already時，改為否定時要分別改成any，yet。例如：

　　1）i haven't finished my homework yet.我還沒有完成我的作業。

　　2）he hasn't travelled on a train.他沒有坐火車旅行過。

　　3）we have never spoken to a foreigner.我們從來沒有和外國人說過話。

　　注：有時not可以用never代替，表示“從來沒有”的意思。又如：

　　4）i have never seen him before.以前我從來沒有見過他。

　　一般疑問式：助動詞have/has＋主語＋過去分詞＋其他 ？

　　講解：把陳述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打問號，同時把句中的some，already改為any，yet就構成了一般疑問句。肯定回答用“yes，主語＋have/has.否定回答用“no，主語＋haven't/hasn't.”有時也可以用“no，not yet./no ，never./no，not even once.”等。

　　例如：

　　1）—have you ever made dumplings？你曾經做過餃子嗎？

　　—yes，i have.是的，我做過。

　　2）—has he ever been abroad？他曾經出過國嗎？

　　—no，never.不，從來沒有。

　　3）—have they found the lost money yet ？他們已經找到了丟失的錢嗎？

　　—yes，they have.是的，他們找到了。

　　注意：當句中有否定詞not，hardly（幾乎不），never的時候，在改為反意疑問句時，附加部分用肯定形式。

　　例如：you have never come to our school，have you？

　　你以前從來沒有來過我們學校，是嗎？

　　三、         現在完成時的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1. 現在完成時的“完成用法”

　　現在完成時的“完成用法”指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻并已結束，但該動作對現在產生了影響，與現在情況具有因果關系。例如：she has turned off the tv.  她已把電視關了。

　　(動作結束于過去，但說明的是現在的情況——電視現在沒有打開。)現在完成時“完成用法”的特點是動作不延續，因此，該時態只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如：never，ever，once等)、包括現在時刻在內的時間狀語(如：this morning/month /year..., today等)連用。

　　例如： have you found your pencil yet？你已找到你的鉛筆了嗎？

　　2.現在完成時的“未完成用法”

　　現在完成時的“未完成用法”指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續到現在，或可能還要繼續下去。

　　例如：he has lived here since 1971.    自從1971年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1971年，一直住到現在，可能還要繼續住下去。) 

　　we have been in the army for more than 5 years.   我們在部隊已經呆了五年多了。(動作開始于5年前，一直延續至今，有可能還要繼續下去。) 

　　此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導)，或表示與現在時刻相連的時間狀語(如：up to now，so far到目前為止)等。

　　例如：i have heard nothing from her up to now.   到目前為止我沒有她的任何消息。 注意：(1) 現在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞，即瞬間完成或延續時間很短的動詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2) 現在完成時常見句型：

　　主語＋have/has been＋for短語 

　　例如：he has been in the league for four years.他入團已經四年了。

　　3. 延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念

　　英語中，動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短，可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。

　　延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作，這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。例如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

　　終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續的動作，這種動作發生后立即結束。例如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

　　現在完成進行時一、現在完成進行時的構成方法現在完成進行時由“have/has + been +現在分詞”構成。二、現在完成進行時用法1.現在完成進行的基本用法表示現在以前這一段時間里一直在進行的動作，這動作可能仍在進行，也可能已停止。例如：it has been raining since last monday. 自上周一以來就一直在下雨。she’s been watching television all day.  她看了整整一天電視。2.現在完成進行時有時表示根據直接或間接的證據得出的結論。例如：i am very tired. i’ve been typing letters all day.  一整天都在打信件，我太累了。susan eyes are red. she has been crying.   蘇姍一直在哭，眼睛都哭紅了。現在完成時與現在完成進行時的區別

　　1. 現在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。例如：i have waited for two hours. 我等了兩小時。（陳述事實）i have been waiting for two hours. 我等了兩個小時。（等得好辛苦）2. 現在完成進行時通常用來談論較短暫的動作或情況，若要談論時間延續較長的動作或情況或永久性情況，則通常用現在完成時。例如：he has lived in paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。he has been living in paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。3. 不用于進行時態的動詞通常也不用于現在完成進行時，但它們可以用于現在完成時。例如：they’ve been married for twenty years.  他們結婚已二十年了。the war has lasted for a long time.   這場戰爭持續了很長時間。4. 現在完成進行時不用于被動語態，若要用可用現在完成時的被動語態代替。例如：the house has been painted for a month.  這房子已經粉刷了一個月。the problem has been studied for five days. 這個問題已經研究了五天。

What is happiness to you 篇2

　　m6u2  what is happiness to you?

　　reading

　　1.the search for happiness

　　1) 名詞in search of/ in one’s search for搜尋

　　2) 動詞 vt. search sb./sp.（for sth） 搜身，搜查某地   vi. search for 尋找

　　the policeman _searched___ the thief and found several mobile phones.

　　to my delight, most of you agree to search  _for happiness in study.

　　they __searched___ all the room ___for__ the missing papers.

　　these birds fly south __in__ ____search___ __of__winter sun every year.

　　= these birds fly south __in__ their __ __search___ __for__winter sun every year.

　　2. happiness means achieving success in something, such as meeting a goal,

　　1）目的，目標            achieve/reach/realize/meet one’s goal ___________ ；              

　　2）（球戲等的）得分，贏分   score a goal __________

　　3）mean的用法    _mean to do___; ___mean doing___

　　eg. i’m sorry to have wronged you, but really i didn’t mean __to hurt___(hurt) you.

　　our teacher’s smile meant __allowing__(allow) us to go swimming.

　　4）復習 “成功做某事”

　　our teacher has achieved success in teaching english.

　　= our teacher __has__  _succeeded_  _in__  teaching english.

　　=our teacher ___is__ __successful___ __in___ teaching english.

　　=our teacher has taught english __successfully__.

　　= our teacher __has _  _managed _  __to__teach english.

　　3. to those who have been injured or struggle with a physical disability, …

　　1) injure 傷害， 損傷（主要指在事故中受傷）; 損害，傷害（自尊，名譽等）

　　he was badly injured in the car accident.  ________________________ 

　　i injured his pride.  _______________________________

　　wound 主要是指戰場上，由武器造成的傷害。

　　hurt 可指意外事故中受傷，可指某處疼痛，也可指感情受到傷害

　　damage, harm 只強調損失，不表示傷痛

　　he was ___wounded____ in the leg during the war.

　　she was deeply ___hurt_____ that she had not been invited.

　　2) v. struggle with/against  與……斗爭、抗爭

　　struggle for sth  努力爭取           struggle to do sth  努力地做某事

　　n. carry on a struggle  進行斗爭        take up a struggle  從事、參加斗爭

　　he struggled with cancer for four years. _________________________

　　the shopkeeper struggled against the thief. ________________________

　　the two leaders are struggling for power.  _________________________

　　4. …to show how people can find happiness even during times of a personal catastrophe.

　　times時代;時勢；境況（常用復）

　　the times 當代            in modern/ancient times 在現/古代

　　the times are different.  ____________________

　　what wonderful times we are now living in! ______________________

　　5. … the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.

　　remain “仍是；保持” 后接形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等作表語。

　　+現在分詞/過去分詞

　　the town remains _____the same____ (保持一樣) as before. 

　　he remained in poor health. ___________________

　　the door remained ___locked___ (lock).

　　the hard-working boy remained ___working on___ (work on) the difficult question.

　　much remains __to be discussed____(discuss) at the following meeting.

　　6. in case some of our viewers don’t know her story, …

　　in case (that) 后接從句；如果 以防 萬一    in case of 后接短語 在…時候, 要是

　　just in case  以防萬一（單獨使用）        in this / that case 在這種/那種情況下

　　in any case 無論如何 不管怎樣            in no case決不

　　eg. take your umbrella just in case it rains. ______________________

　　in case of fire，break the glass. _____________________ 

　　in no case shall we allow smoking in the classroom.__________________

　　____in case of___the rain, take an umbrella.

　　____in case_______ it rains, take an umbrella.

　　take an umbrella. __just in case____.

　　toyota recalled millions of cars because of cases ___c____ cars sped up suddenly.

　　a.  which     b.  that     c. where     d. when

　　i may have to go to hospital, _____c______ i won’t be going on holiday.

　　i may have to go to hospital, and ___b_____ i won’t be going on holiday.

　　a. in case     b. in that case     c. in which case   d. in case of  

　　7. by the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the new york goodwill games, she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.

　　看到 by / by the time   主句一般用完成時（過去/將來)

　　eg. by the end of , we __will have graduated____ (graduate).

　　by the end of , we ____had graduated_____ (graduate).

　　by the time we reach home, they ____will have left____(leave).

　　by the time we reached home, they ___had left_____(leave).

　　8. her teammates described her as energetic, happy and hard working

　　describe …as…把……描述成

　　he _describes/described his school life __as__ interesting and exciting.

　　9. even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.

　　1). even though=__even__ __if__  即使

　　2). devote ( time/ energy/ oneself) to sth/doing sth 獻身；專心于；專注于

　　don’t devote too much time to games. __________________________________

　　he gave up his job to devote more time to his family. ______________________

　　she devoted herself to ____fighting__ (fight) for the rights of the blacks.

　　devoted adj. 摯愛的；忠誠的；全心全意的 be devoted to sth/doing sth

　　she devoted herself to her children.

　　= she __was __ ___devoted__ __to__ her children.

　　to my comfort, i often found my daughter ___devoted___( devote) to reading.

　　3). apart from =separately from “離開”; 還有 besides/except for的意思

　　_apart___ __from___ my parents, i have no one to communicate with.

　　_apart____ __from__ honesty, a good student should also be ready to help others.

　　apart from a house in nanjing, they also have one in beijing. (=___besides___)

　　apart from a few words, i don’t know any french at all.  (= except_ _for__)

　　the writer lives apart from his family. ______________________

　　she keeps herself apart from other people. _______________________

　　10. in 1998, a small accident could have cost her her future happiness.

　　1.)情態動詞復習

　　must have done _____________  may/ might/ could/can have done _____________

　　can’t/ couldn’t have done ______________ should(not) have done ________________

　　needn’t have done ____________________

　　---there were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.

　　---it __d__a comfortable journey

　　a. can’t be     b. shouldn’t be   c. mustn’t have been   d. couldn’t have been   

　　---- what do you suppose happened to him?

　　----i don’t know. he ___c___ lost.

　　a. might  get     b. can have got      c. may have got   d. will get

　　he knows so much about the film. he must have seen the film, ____c____?

　　a. mustn’t he    b. didn’t he    c. hasn’t he     d. has he

　　2). cost: to lead to the loss of something  使……付出代價；花費 

　　that one mistake almost ____cost him his life_______（使他失去生命）.

　　the closure of the factory will cost 1,000 jobs. ___________________________

　　at the cost of 以…為代價   at all costs =at any cost 不惜任何代價，無論如何

　　she saved him from the fire but __at__ __the__ __cost__ __of__ her own life.

　　he is determined to win at any cost. ________________________________

　　11.she was rushed to a top hospital in new york…

　　rush  1）vi.  沖     2）vt. 把……急忙送往   in a rush=in a hurry

　　she rushed into the room. ________________________ 

　　rush the letter to the post office ____________________  

　　i can’t stop—i’m in a rush.  ______________________

　　12. leonardo dicaprio went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up.

　　cheer up（使）高興起來

　　cheer up! things are not as bad as they seem. _____________________

　　give mary a call; she needs ___to__ __be___ __cheered___ ( cheer) up.

　　he seems to be angry. you’d better take him out __to_ _cheer_ __him_ __up_

　　13. all said she was in good spirits.

　　spirits復數表示 “情緒” 

　　be in good / high spirits _______________be in bad / low spirits   _____________

　　your letter raised my spirits. ______________________

　　dad’s in high spirits today, isn’t he? ________________________

　　14. she was able to overcome her sorrow by just being proud of the things she had accomplished.

　　be able to do sth=____succeed in doing_____=______manage to do______

　　15. how has sang lan adapted to her new life?

　　1) vi. 適應，適合most students have little difficulty ___adapting_ __to_ college life.

　　2) vt. 改編，改寫  adapt sth. from sth.

　　eg. the film ____ _______ ______a novel.

　　16. i know i will think about how she rebuilt her life whenever my life feels unbearable.

　　whenever= ___no__ __matter____ ___when____, 引導___讓步狀語__從句。

　　whoever comes for help, we will do our best to help.

　　=___no matter who_____ comes for help, we will do our best to help.

　　no matter where you go, you should be polite and helpful.

　　=___wherever__ you go, you should be polite and helpful.

　　task&project

　　17. i feel caught between what i want, what my parents want and what my

　　basketball coach wants.

　　feel caught between  在…中感到左右為難

　　i __feel/felt___ ___caught___ __between___my desire and the reality.

　　18. it feels like allocating time for each is just not practical.

　　1). it feels like that…好像…

　　2）allocate vt. 分配，配給    allocation n. 分配，配給量

　　the results will depend on how each department allocates its resources.

　　______________________________

　　allocate sth. for sth.

　　one million dollars has been allocated for disaster place.____________________

　　allocate sth to sb. 把……分配給……

　　19. all i had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when i came home.  當主語部分有實義動詞 do時， 做表語的不定式常省略to

　　what i want to do is ___go___(go) home and ___have__(have) a good night’s sleep.

　　20. i wish i could still play sport because that made me very happy.

　　wish 虛擬用法復習

　　eg. how i wish i ___were____(be) a bird.

　　he wishes that he _had studied____(study) hard at that time, but it’s too late now.

　　i wish i __would go___(go) there tomorrow instead of you.

　　21. … enjoying each other’s company …

　　company  cn.公司  un.陪伴,交往   n. companion同伴,伴侶  accompany vt.

　　in company with 和……一起    keep company with和……要好, 伴隨

　　eg.  he came in company with a group of boys.

　　never keep company with dishonest persons.

　　on the first day of the new term, his father accompanied him to school.