備戰2016屆高考英語（通用版）一輪復習專題03 介詞及介詞短語
not until 9 a.m.did mr.smith come back to school.
(2)to表“終結”時常和from連用，但要注意不與from連用時的意義。如：
from july to september,from six to (till) eight(從……到……為止)，但from morning till night(從早到晚)，不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介詞
(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小時/天，但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按噸計。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on tv(電訊器材)，by electricity，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescope
(3)交通工具類。另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 經由，取道于，用……方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)“在……幫助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
he beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、機器)
one smells with his nose.(with+人體器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)
he stood up with pride.(with+情緒、情感、態度的名詞)
注意：使用語言、材料、文字等用in。如in english(ink,pencil)。另外如：
in high(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise, in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介詞比較。
(1)besides “除……以外，(還有)”。作副詞時意思是“而且，更何況”。如：
it was too late to see a film,and besides,i was tired.
(2)except“除去，除……之外(不再有)”。如：
we all went except john.
在否定句中，兩詞可以換用，如：
he has no other hats except/besides this one.
(3)except for“除了……(對句子主題進行細節校正或附加說明)”后接名詞、代詞或what從句，此時與except that+句子意思相同。如：
he was very clever except for carelessness.
(4)except that...“除了……一點以外”。如：
he has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”時可以通用，但應注意以下三點：前面有不定人詞、疑問代詞在意義上對稱時，多用but。all but one are here.nobody but i likes making model ships.后接不定式短語為排除對象時，多用but。he has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to)；but與一些固定結構連用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for...如不是……
7.介詞的省略：
介詞for表示時間的省略要求。
(1)以all開頭的名詞短語，for要省略。如：
i stayed with her all the morning.
(2)否定句中，表示時間的短語前的for不能省略。如：
i haven’t seen you for thirty years.