2019屆高考英語語法介詞及介詞短語專題復(fù)習(xí)
a.動詞+介詞:laugh at, wait for
b.形容詞、過去分詞+介詞:be good at, be proud of
c名詞+介詞:pay a visit to , the key to
3、 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞,連接的雙方只取其一。常用連詞有or, either...or, otherwise
例如:
a) you can go to beijing either today or tomorrow.
b) you must get up early or you won’t catch the early bus.
4、 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,連接的雙方構(gòu)成對比,意義上有轉(zhuǎn)折。常用連詞有but, however, while, only
例如:
a) his brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.
b) you can watch tv, but you must finish your homework first.
5、 表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系,聯(lián)合的雙方是對等的,意義上趨向一致。常用連詞有:and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, as well as
to study english well, we need both diligence and careful.
that horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.
6、 表示因果關(guān)系,連接的雙方,互為因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的連詞有:for, so
例如:
it must have rained, for the ground is wet.
【考點詮釋】
考點1 常見介詞的活用
by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是?嫉慕樵~。掌握這些介詞的用法和意義、準(zhǔn)確把握句子語境是解題的關(guān)鍵。下面是近年高考考查最多的幾個介詞,應(yīng)重點掌握:
1.over可表位置,意為“在……上方,越過;遮住,蓋住”,也可表時間,意為“在……期間,(多年)以來”等,它還有“在……(問題)上,對(某事)”等引申意義。如:
①y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’ii look terrible.你不能在那件襯衣外面再穿上藍(lán)色的夾克——太難看了。
②we had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地交談。
③we heard it over the radio.我們從廣播中聽到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(車、船等);不遲于;到……為止;被,由;根據(jù),按照(關(guān)系);通過……方式”等,還可以用來表示增加或減少的程度。by構(gòu)成的常見短語有:
by and by不久,遲早 by and large大體上
by oneself單獨 by the way順便說說
by far……得多,最…… by chance碰巧
by accident偶然地 by means of借助
by no means絕不,一點也不 by mistake錯誤地
①the water in the river rose by two meters.河水上漲了兩米。
②he is an englishman by birth.他在血統(tǒng)上是英國人。
3.with可以用來表示“帶有,擁有;隨著;就……來說;用,以;和,與;對于,關(guān)于”等意思。with還可用來表示原因。如:
①he turned red with anger.他氣得臉變紅了。
②the problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.從地球上觀察太空存在一個問題,就是地球的大氣中有大量的塵埃。
4.beyond這個詞同學(xué)們平時接觸的機會不是太多,但它卻是一個考查熱點。beyond表示“(時間)過了,比……晚,遲于;(位置)在……那邊,超出……之外;(范圍)超過,為……所