2019屆高考英語動詞過去分詞語法復習
(1) written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因為寫得匆忙,這篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語,表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經被寫. 值得注意的是,有些過去分詞因來源于系表結構,作狀語時不表被動而表主動.這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (駐扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩).
(2) lost / absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因為沉溺于思考之中,所以他沒聽到那個聲音.
2. 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時應注意人稱一致.
(1) given another hour, i can also work out this problem.
再給我一個小時,我也能解這道題.(given 為過去分詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語為主句主語 i ,即 i 被再給一個小時.)
(2)_ seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.(seen 為過去分詞作狀語,表"被看",由語境可知,它的邏輯主語必須是城市,而不是"我們",因為"我們"應主動看城市.)
【注意】如果過去分詞作狀語時,前面再加邏輯主語,主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語,這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結構實際上屬于獨立主格結構.
(1) the signal given, the bus started. 信號一發出,汽車就開動了.(the signal 是 given 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 the bus 就不是given 的邏輯主語.
(2) her head held high, she went by. 她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去.(her head 是 held high 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 she 就不再是held high 的邏輯主語.)
3. 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句.
(1) caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因為淋了一場大雨,所以他全身濕透了. (caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語,它來源于原因狀語從句 because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長得很快.( grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句 if these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞,構成"連詞+過去分詞"結構作狀語.
when given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當你做體格檢查時要保持鎮定.
4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語,后面有逗號與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號與主句隔開.
he stood there silently, moved to tears. = moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里,被感動得熱淚盈眶.
四、當過去分詞作為賓語補足語
(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類:
1. 表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. (1) i heard the song sung in english. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌.(過去分詞sung的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard;) (2)_he found his hometown greatly changed. 他發現他的家鄉變化很大.(過去分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作found)