2019年高考英語二輪專題復習 動詞的時態和語態
行； he is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。she is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。⑤大多數動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。常見的有：▲感覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear▲情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear▲心態類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt▲所有類：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。3.現在完成時 ①表示過去發生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果，或說話時已完成的動作；i have finished the report./ she has cleaned the room. ②表示從過去開始，待續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時間狀語連用；he has learned english for six years./ they have worked here since they left college.③表示“曾經到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”；表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”。—where is li hua? －he has gone to the reading-room.—she knows a lot about shanghai. －she has been there.④在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經完成的動作。when you have learned english, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. we’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.注意：這里的現在完成時強調從句動作在主句動作之前完成, 如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發生, 則不必用完成時；試比較： i’ll let you know as soon as i hear from her.she will call you when she gets home.⑤短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時態中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。要譯“他參軍已經三年了”不能說：he has joined the army three years.可采用：▲“ago法”：he joined the army three years ago.▲“延續法”：he has been in the army for three years.▲“since法”：it is/has been three years since he joined the army.注意：沒有包括“現在”在內或不是截至“現在”為止的時間狀語不能與現在完成時連用, 但“in（over） the past/last+時間段”要與現在完成時連用。4.現在完成進行時 ①用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在（或今后還要繼續一去）的動作；he has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.②凡是不能用于現在進行時的動詞均不能用于現成完成進行時。5.一般過去時 ①表達特定的過去時間內發生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內經常發生或反復發生的動作或為；he often sang when he was a boy.he went to the cinema last night with her boy friend. ②用于i didn’t know…或i forgot…，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現在已知道或記得的事情。