2019年高考英語二輪專題復習 動詞的時態和語態
使用這種結構不能帶有“by＋施動者”在現代英語中大量地出現了由"get+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成的被動語態，這就叫做get-型被動語態。get-型被動語態中的過去分詞數量有限，通常為單個的動詞或比較簡單的動詞短語。▲get+及物動詞的過去分詞 get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等動詞的-ed形式連用，構成被動語態。這種結構一般指動作的結果而非動作本身，常指"最后終于，突然發生"等意義。he got wounded in the battle. 他在戰斗中受傷了。the boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受傷了。▲get-型被動語態一般不宜用在含有雙賓語的結構中，也不宜與see, hear, watch, listen to等感官動詞構成被動語態。the old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人給了這位老人一大筆錢。the old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 誤)▲get-型被動語態有時有言外之意或具有感情色彩he got taught a lesson. 他被教訓了一頓。（有“活該”之意）how did the window get closed. 窗戶怎么關上了？（有“不該關上’之意）▲get-型被動語態有時表示開始進入某種狀態，而be+動詞的-ed形式只表示存在的狀態。 she got tired. 她感到累了。（有開始感到疲勞的含義）she was tired. (只表示”她累了”)③帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變為動句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。she lent me a bike.®被動：▲i was lent a bike(by her).▲a bike was lent to me(by her).④情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞this problem must be worked out in half an hour. ⑤雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分these magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.the murderer was ordered to be shot.3.主動表示被動的幾種情況①不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質和狀態常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等this knife cuts well.這把刀好切。these books sell well.這些書好賣。the pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。the cloth washes well.這種布好洗。 ②一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等the apples taste good.the flower smells wonderful.the news proved/turned out truecotton feels soft.4.不可變為被動語態的幾種情況 ①當句子的賓語是反身代詞時(因為反身代詞不可作主語)he can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。不可變為himself can be dressed by him. ②當句子的賓語是相互代詞時(因為相互代詞不可作主語)we help each other/one another.不可變為each other/one another is helped by us. ③動賓結構的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式he lost heart.不可變為heart was lost by him.