2019屆高考英語語法專題復習 不定式或動名詞作動詞賓語的用法
作表語許多現在分詞已經成為形容詞,如amusing,annoying,astonishing,attracting,boring, disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,exciting,frightening,interesting,inspiring,inviting,pleasing,puzzling,shocking,surprising,tiring等,這些詞都是由它們的同源動詞加-ing變來的,都具有主動意義,譯成“令人……的”,同普通形容詞一樣可以由副詞修飾,也可以有比較等級。the story is amusing,more amusing than all the others.這個故事很好笑,比其他的故事都好笑。作定語(現在分詞可以前置和后置) (1)前置(通常由一個現在分詞充當)hard-working people 勤勞的人民 the never-ending quarrel 無休止的爭吵fine-looking buildings 美觀的建筑an english-speaking man 說英語的人(2)后置(通常由現在分詞短語充當)i have a friend living in london.我有一個朋友住在倫敦。will the people sitting at the back please keep quiet?請坐在后面的人保持安靜。注意:當現在分詞作定語時,它和被修飾的名詞之間通常是主謂關系,即被修飾語是這個現在分詞的動作發出者。如上例,hard-working people中,people就是動作work的發出者。作狀語(1)時間狀語(常在句首)hearing the bad news,she burst into tears.聽到這個壞消息后,她大哭起來。once,while working on a new invention,edison made 8000 tests without success.曾經在進行一項發明時,愛迪生做了8000次試驗,都失敗了。having arrived at a decision,they immediately set to work.決定了之后,他們立即動工。(2)條件狀語(常在句首) working hard,you will make it.加油干,你就會成功。if playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.要是成天玩,你就把寶貴的時間浪費了。(3)原因狀語(常在句首) being a shy man,einstein did not attend his fiftieth birthday party.愛因斯坦是個內向的人,連為他舉辦的50歲生日聚會都沒有參加。having lived in berlin so many years,he knew the city quite well.在柏林住了這么多,他對這個城市了如指掌。(4)結果狀語(常在句末) he dropped the cup,breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉到地上,摔碎了。the fire lasted three weeks,destroying the whole forest.大火燒了三個星期,毀了整片森林。(5)伴隨狀語(常在句末,表示伴隨情況、行為方式、補充說明等) they stood at the roadside,watching the procession.他們站在路邊看游行。the children ran out,laughing and talking merrily.孩子們跑了出去,高興地邊說邊笑。he sat at the window reading.他坐在窗子旁邊讀書。注意:①現在分詞作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語是同一個。如hearing the bad news,she burst into tears.中,主句的主語是she,那么現在分詞hearing的邏輯主語也是she,hear這個動作實際就是she發出的。它們之間是主謂關系,hearing表示一種主動意義。②若現在分詞的狀語從句是否定含義時,在從句句首加not。如: