牛津高中英語語法復習：定語從句

<3>.只用who, whom.而不用that的情況    (1) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等時，關系代詞應該用 who 或whom，不用 which .that。例如：is there anyone here who will go with you?people all like those who have good manners.（2） 當先行詞是指人的集合名詞時，如果作這個名詞著眼于集體的整體，關系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。   mr. smith came to visit my family, who were watching tv then.   our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting.  (3)當先行詞有較長的 后置定語或者在被分割的定語從句中，宜用關系代詞 who pro. wang is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn english.(4) 當先行詞用-body 或-one 構成的復合不定代詞時，關系代詞用who we’d better not believe in anyone who we don’t know.(5) 當先行詞是一個限定性的表示人的特定名詞時，常用who the aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother’s sister.（七）.“介詞＋關系代詞“是一個普遍使用的結構(1)“介詞＋關系代詞“可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。“介詞＋關系代詞“結構中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。其中whom代表人，which代表物who is the comrade with whom you shook hands?he works in a factory, in front of which there is a rivergive me the book the cover of which is red  (the cover of which=whose cover)he is the man whose father is a teacher.=he is the man the father of whom is a teacher.this is the neighborhood from whom i borrowed the bicycle.  (2) from where為“介詞＋關系副詞“結構，但也可以引導定語從句（不常用）。例如：     we stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..（3）關系代詞前的介詞如何確定？a.依據定語從句中動詞的某種習慣搭配 mr. smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.b.依據先行詞的某種習慣搭配確定 there was no way in which it could be bought back to the earth. ( in this way)c.根據所表達的意思確定the gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.the gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.(4)注意關系代詞的位置  介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用which 和whom不能用that 代替，也不可省略；介詞在句尾時，關系代詞可which ,that ,whom, who,都行，而且還可以省略。 this is the drawer in which i put my letters. = this is the drawer (which/that )i put my letters in.have you seen the pen with which i wrote letters this morning?= have you seen the pen (which/that) i wrote letters with this morning?