2021高考英語短文改錯與完型填空解題指導

49. in the author’s opinion，the speaker _________.
       a. can think and speak intelligently
       b. has overstated the language problems of the students
       c. is right in saying english teachers are not doing their jobs
       d. makes a professional judgment on the students’ english level
50. in paragraph 4 the author points out _______.
       a. what leads to the complainers’ dissatisfaction
       b. what complainers’ reaction is towards young people
       c. how the complainers’ opinions form through the years
       d. how sensitive the complainers are in the young people’s eye
 
e
       phobia is extreme and continuous fear of a specific object，situation，or activity. because of this fear，the phobic person often leads a limited life. the anxiety is typically far greater than it should be in the real situation，and the sufferer is well aware that the fear is unreasonable.
       phobic anxiety is distinguishable （辨別） from other forms of anxiety only in that it occurs specifically in relation to a certain object or situation. this anxiety is characterized by physiological （生 理） signs such as a rapid heartbeat，stomach disorders and so on. some phobic people are able to face their fears. more commonly，however，they avoid the situation or object that causes the fear — an avoidance that reduces the sufferer’s freedom.
       psychiatrists （精神科醫 生） recognize three major types of phobias. simple phobias are fears of specific objects or situations such as animal，closed spaces，and heights. the second type，agoraphobia，is a fear of open，public places and situations，from which escape is difficult；agoraphobics tend increasingly to avoid more situations until in the end they become unable to go out of their house. social phobias，the third type，are fears of appearing stupid or shameful in social situations. taken together，the phobias are believed to affect 5 to 10 persons in 100.agoraphobia and simple phobia are more commonly recognized in women than in men.
       behavioral techniques have proved successful in treating phobias，especially simple and social phobias. one technique，systematic desensitization，is gradually facing the phobic person with situations or objects that are increasingly close to the feared ones. exposure therapy，another behavioral method，has recently been shown more affective. in this technique，phobics are repeatedly faced with the feared situation or object so that they can see that can see that no harm happens to them；the fear gradually fades. antianxiety drugs have also proved successful in treating some phobias.