2022屆高考英語情態動詞和虛擬語氣
而要說:they were able to/managed to jump into…
the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_____get out.
a.had to b.would c.could d.was able to
但在否定句中could/was(were)able to可以通用:
i couldn’t/wasn’t able to see him yeaterday.
④表示許可時用may/can都可以。只不過用may時較側重講話人的許可,而can較側重客觀情況的許可,must則表示必須做某事。
2.表示“推斷、判斷”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最為肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性:
peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
a.must b.may c.can d.will
而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性:mary is in poor health. she can be ill at any times.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此時can’t用以代替mustn’t,語氣比may not更強。can’t中文可以翻譯為“不可能”、may not中文可以翻譯為“可能不”。
michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
a.needn’t b.can’t c.should d.may
③在疑問句只能用can,不能用may和must
he may be very busy now. can he be very busy now?
he must be very busy now. can he be very busy now?
3.表示“請求、提議”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時could比can語氣更婉轉
can(could)you give me a lift to the station?
你(您)能不能讓我搭你(您)的車去車站呀?
4.表示“驚訝、懷疑”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時could比can語氣更婉轉
who can it be at this time of day?這個時候到底會是誰呢?
5.構成下列特殊句式的can
①can not/can never…too… cannot…enough“無論怎么……也不為過分,越……越好,非常……”
since it is a good thing,we cannot do it too soon.
既然是好事情,我們越早開始做越好。
②can’t help doing…,cannot help but do…,cannot but do…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”
i cannot help admiring the picture whenever i look at it.每當我看到這幅畫時,我都禁不住要鑒賞它。
when a close friend dies,you cannot but feel sad.
親密的朋友去世時,你會不由得感到悲傷。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時句子用倒裝語序
may he live to an old age!愿他長命百歲!may god be with you!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人稱 意義
shall 第一、三人稱 征求對方的意見
第二、三人稱 說話人給對方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅
用于法律、法規等條文中 應……,須……,得……
what shall we do this evening?
注意:may用于征求對方的許可,而shall用于征求對方的意見或指示:
may i have a look?我能看一看嗎?
shall i have a look?需要我看一看嗎?
you shall fail if you don’t work harder. (警告)
he shall have the book when i finish reading. (允諾)
he shall be punished.(威脅)