Unit 12 Art and literature
3. 語法說明:
1) 定語從句
(1) 定語從句是中學階段英語語法中十分重要的一個語法項目。它在句子中出現的頻率很高。對正確理解句子的意義起著舉足輕重的作用。
定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面,所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現一個從句,就要根據它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關系來判斷是否是定語從句。
被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”。引導定語從句的詞叫“關系詞”。關系詞有兩個作用:
① 引導定語從句。
② 代替先行詞在其引導的定語從句中充當一定的句子成分。
理解和牢記這兩條概念,弄清楚關系詞在定語從句充當什么成分,是掌握定語從句的關鍵。
正確選擇關系詞是掌握定語從句的關鍵。關系詞的選擇完全取決于先行詞在定語從句中所充當的什么成分。關系詞一共有九個,它們在從句中所充當的句子成分見下表。
關系詞 主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語
that 人/物 /物 √ × √
which 物 物 × × √
who 人 × × × ×
whom × 人 × × ×
whose × × × 人/物 ×
when × × × × √
where × × × × √
why × × × × √
在限定性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞可以省略。
例:there is still one thing which/that is not explained.(主語)
this is the boy who came yesterday. (主語)
this is the picture (which/that) he gave me. (賓語)
the car which was following us seems to have disappeared. (主語)
the woman whose daughter you met is mrs. brown. (定語)
this is the boy (whom) we met last night. (賓語)
屋頂被毀壞的房子已經被修好。
┏ whose roof
the house ┣ the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.
┗ of which the roof
那就是他工作的大學。
┏ at which he works.
┣ which he works at.
that is the college ┣ where he works.
┣ that he works at.
┗ he works at.