高一英語第二十三單元

科目 英語
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 unit23.doc
標(biāo)題 unit23
章節(jié) 第二十三單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、目的與要求：
掌握單元出現(xiàn)的單詞和詞組：如：edge, regularly, mark, flood, level, figure, rebuild, effort, extra, temple, dam, pyramid, at breakfast, in danger, date from, make a good effort, on holiday, feel like.

二、本單元知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析：
⒈The white family are on holiday in Egypt. 懷特一定正在埃及度假。
family是集體名詞，當(dāng)考慮到集體名詞的組成部分或各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例如：
His family are all very tall. 他家的人個(gè)子都很高。
All my family are fond of playing football. 我們?nèi)�家都喜歡踢足球。
Our class are all for this plan. 我們?nèi)�班的人都贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
當(dāng)把它作為一個(gè)整體來考慮時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，例如：
Your family is a happy one. 你的家是一個(gè)幸福的家庭。
My family is a large family. 我的家是一個(gè)大家庭。
Our class has twenty boys and thirty girls. 我們班有20個(gè)男生，30個(gè)女生。
⒉I’d prefer to do that tomorrow. 我寧愿明天去參觀阿斯旺市容。
⑴to do that是指上文所說的“visit the town of Aswan.”為了避免重復(fù)，常用do that來代替上文所提到的動(dòng)作。例如：
─When you get there, be sure to write to me at once. 當(dāng)你到那后，務(wù)必馬上給我寫封信。
─OK, I’ll do that. (=I’ll write to you at once when I get there)好吧，我會(huì)馬上給你寫信的。
⑵prefer是及物動(dòng)詞，作“寧愿”，“更喜歡”解，后面可跟名詞，代詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞等，作prefer的賓語。本句中prefer的賓語是不定式“to do that tomorrow”。例如：
He prefers to live in the country. 他更喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下。
She offered to drive us to Aswan, but we preferred to walk. 她提出要開車把我們送到阿斯旺，但是我們寧愿走著去。
⒊I don’t feel like walking very much today. 今天我不想走很多路了。
feel like doing sth是一個(gè)固定的詞組作“想要做某事”解，用來提出意愿或希望，它的后面常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。例如：
I’m not quite myself today. I don’t feel like eating anything. 今天我感覺不舒服，不想吃任何東西。
I feel like going there alone. 我想單獨(dú)到那里去。
⒋Can’t we visit the High Dam? 我們?nèi)タ创髩魏脝幔?br>這是一種否定疑問句，常用縮略式開頭（如Can’t, Don’t, Won’t等），用來提出邀請(qǐng)或征求意見。這種疑問句常表示希望得到肯定的回答。否定疑問句還可表示對(duì)某事沒有做或沒有發(fā)生感到驚奇，含有批語或責(zé)備的意思。例如：
Don’t you want to see the film with me? 同我一起去看電影好嗎？（難道你不想和我一起去看電影？）
Can’t you wait for me here for a little while? 你在這兒等我一會(huì)兒好嗎？（你難道不能在這兒等我一會(huì)兒？）
It’s getting dark. Can’t you walk a little faster? 天快黑了，你不能走快點(diǎn)嗎？（說話人覺得對(duì)方走慢了，含有責(zé)備的口吻）
Haven’t you done your homework yet? 難道你還沒有做完作業(yè) 嗎？
Don’t you think it’s a lovely place? 你難道不認(rèn)為這地方很美嗎？
Won’t you come in for a minute? 你不進(jìn)來呆一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?br>⒌I’d like to take a boat on the River Nile. 我想坐小船在尼羅河上玩一玩。
I’d like/love to do sth. 是一種日常交際用語，用來表示意愿或希望，意思是“我很想，很愿意做某事”
例如：Would you like to tell us something about America? 你給我們講講有關(guān)美國(guó)的情況好嗎？
I’d like to go out for a walk. 我想出去散散步。
We’d love to go swimming with you. 我們很愿意同你一起去游泳。
⒍Then anyone who wants to can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip. 乘船游覽以后，凡是想去的人就可以去阿斯旺各處走一走。
Who wants to是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞anyone。to后面省略了“go for a walk”，以避免重復(fù)。例如：
“would you like to join us is the travel ? ── “ Yes, I’d like to.”
“你想跟我們一起去旅行嗎？”──“是的，我很想去。”
⒎The new dam controls the waters of the Nile so that they now run regularly all through the year. 新的大壩控制著河水，使之一年到頭都能正常流過。
water是不可數(shù)名詞，但在本句中waters用復(fù)數(shù)形式，是指（湖、河等的）水域。也可指（某國(guó)附近的）海域。例如：
The waters of the lake flow out over a large waterfall. 這個(gè)湖的水流出后形成了一個(gè)大瀑布。
The head-waters of the Nile. 尼羅河的源頭。
The stormy waters of the Atlantic. 大西洋多暴風(fēng)雨的海域。
Britisn water英國(guó)的海域
in home/foreign waters在本國(guó)的/他國(guó)的海域
⒏Electricity can now be made from the water which rushes through the base of the dam. 從水壩底部急速流出的水現(xiàn)在可以用來發(fā)電。
這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是Electriciey can now be made from the water. Which rushes through the base of the dam是定語從句，修飾先行詞water。
rush在句中是不可物動(dòng)詞，作“沖”，“奔”解。有“（猛烈地或匆匆）來或去”（go or come with violence or speed）的意思。例如：
Water went rushing through the lock gates. 水流經(jīng)水閘時(shí)十分流急。
The children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang. 鈴聲一響，孩子們就從教室里沖了出來。
They rushed downstairs to meet their old friends. 他們爭(zhēng)忙沖下樓去迎接老朋友。
⒐Also, around the area of Aswan there are a lot of important old temples, which date from about 1250BC. 而且在阿斯旺地區(qū)的周圍還有許多重要的古廟，它們是公元前1250年左右建起來的。
⑴Which date from about 1250 BC. 是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，在關(guān)系代詞之前通常用逗號(hào)把從句和主句分開，同限定性定語從句相比，非限定性定語從句限定性不強(qiáng)，只是對(duì)先行詞作些補(bǔ)充說明，翻譯時(shí)通常分別譯成兩個(gè)句子。例如：
Yesterday I met Li Pin, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇到李平了，他好象很忙。
Prefessor Wang, whom I met this morning, asked you to ring him up.今天早晨，我遇到王教授了，他要你給他打電話。
⑵date from/back to是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語，表示“（從某時(shí)期起）就已存在”（to have existed since the date of building or origin），可譯作“從某時(shí)期開始（有）”，“可追溯到”或“是……時(shí)代開始有的”等。例如：
This castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡建于14世紀(jì)。
My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays. 我對(duì)集郵產(chǎn)生的興趣是從學(xué)生時(shí)代就開始了。
This town dates back to the Roman times. 這座城鎮(zhèn)的歷史可以追溯到羅馬時(shí)期。
⒑If was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures, each of which was 20 metres high. 這座寺廟鑿雕在巖石中，外邊有四尊大型石雕像，每個(gè)高20米。
each of which was 20 metres high是一個(gè)非常限制性定語從句，each of which=each of the four figures, 這種定語從句是用“名詞（或代詞）+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”來引導(dǎo)的。類似的句子如下：
On her desk are two books, both of which are about Chinese history. 她的書桌上有兩本書，這兩本書都是講述中國(guó)歷史的。
Yesterday he bought two books, one of which is about American history. 昨天，他買了兩本書，其中一本是講述美國(guó)歷史的。
They live in a house, the door of which opens to the north.
There are about three hundred teachers in our school, most of whom are women. 我們學(xué)校大約有300名教師，他們中多數(shù)是女教師。
China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Chinese Taiwan. 中國(guó)有數(shù)百個(gè)島嶼，其中最大的是中國(guó)臺(tái)灣。
⒒In all, 1700 workers and 200 other people worked on the project. 總共有1700名工人和200名其它工作人員參加了這項(xiàng)工程。
in all是一個(gè)介詞詞組，作“總共”，“總計(jì)”解。相當(dāng)于in total =altogerther。例如：
That will cost you 500 dollars in all(in total). 你總共要花500美元。
The cost of the project amounts in total to 25,000 US dollars. 這項(xiàng)工程的費(fèi)用總計(jì)25,000美元。
I spent three hundred yuan in all on these books. 我總共花了300元買這些書。
⒓Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or take a boat from across the lake. 今天你可以乘飛機(jī)去阿布辛波古廟，或者從湖的對(duì)岸乘小船去。
from across the lake意思是“從湖的對(duì)岸”，相當(dāng)于from the other side of the lake. From后還可跟一個(gè)介語短語。例如：
I saw them coming towards me from across the street. 我看見他們從對(duì)面朝我走過來。
They saw a yellow dog run out from behind the door. 他們看見一只大黃狗從門后跑了出來。
A white cat ran out from under the bed. 一只白貓從床底下跑了出來。
⒔All the visitors who go there believe that it was right that the temple was rescued. 去那兒參觀的人都認(rèn)為拯救這寺廟是做得對(duì)的。
這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。All the visitors…believe…是主句，who go there是賓語從句修飾先行詞visitors，believe后邊是由連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓詞從句，而這個(gè)賓語從句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that從句（that the temple was rescued）。
⒕“3 practice”中的第二句：Inside the temple is a row of stone animals, which face the rising sun. 寺廟內(nèi)有一排動(dòng)物石雕像，它們都面朝著一輪旭日。
⑴句中face是及物動(dòng)詞，作“面對(duì)”，“朝著”解，例如：
Our house faces the street. 我們的房子朝著大街。
He turned around and faces Mr. Smith. 他轉(zhuǎn)過身來，面對(duì)著史密斯先生。
We must face the difficulties and try to overcome them. 我們必須正視困難，并努力去克服它們。
⑵“Inside the temple is a row of stone animals…”這是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語是a row of stone animals. 謂語動(dòng)詞是is, inside the temple是介詞短語。例裝的原因，一是語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，一是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。此句倒裝不是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，而是語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如：
Around the house are rows of trees, which were planted around two hundred years ago. 房屋的四周有一排排的樹，它們都是大約200年前種植的。