Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar學案

一、主謂一致
主謂一致有許多原則，概括起來不外乎三種一致原則，即語法形式一致，概念一致（語言內容上一致），毗鄰一致（謂語動詞的單復數形式和緊位于其前的主語一致）。
1. 語法形式一致: 按主語的語法形式(單復數)確定謂語的形式（1）單數主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子作主語，謂語動詞要用單數形式。復數主語，用and或both…and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復數形式。例如：
1) the performance was very funny.
2) serving the people is my great happiness.
3) whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
4) many natural materials are becoming scarce.
5) both you and i are  students.
6) what i think and what i seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.
注1：在what 引導的主語從句中，如果主語補語是復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。例如：
what we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion.
注2：修飾語對主語的數不起影響。例如：
the performance of the first three clowns was very funny.

（2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結構跟在主語后面，不能看作是并列主語，該主語不受這些詞組引導的插入語的影響，主語如是單數，其謂語動詞仍然用單數形式。例如：
1) my mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office.
2) the man together with his wife and children sits there watching tv.
3) his sister no less than you is wrong.
4) the reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.

(3)有些代詞只能指單數可數名詞，當它們在句子中作主語時，盡管在意義上是多數，謂語動詞仍要用單數形式。這類代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如：
1) neither likes the friends of the other. (兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。)
2) everything around us is matter. (我們周圍的所有東西都是物質。)

(4)在neither of與either of的結構里，一般語法書都認為謂語動詞可用單數形式也可用復數形式，一般用單數形式。例如：
1) neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.
2) has either of them been seen recently?

(5)當and連結的兩個名詞是指同一個人或同一件事，and后的名詞前沒有冠詞，謂語動詞應該用單數形式；在and后面的名詞前有冠詞，謂語就用復數形式。例如：
1)the bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早飯供應黃油面包。)
2)the bread and the butter are on sale. (正在出售黃油和面包。)

（6）當one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結構作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如：