Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar學案

2）his family are very well.
3）the public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park.
注：如這類詞后跟有定語從句時，定語從句的謂語動詞也遵循概念一致的原則，強調具體成員時，謂語動詞用復數，關系代詞用who; 強調整體時，謂語動詞用單數，關系代詞用which。例如：
1）the government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a solution.
2）the government which was responsible for this event attempted to find a solution.

(2)有些表示總稱意義的名詞，形式上是單數，而意義上卻是復數，謂語動詞要用復數形式，如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。例如：
1）cattle were allowed to graze on the village common.
2）the police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.

(3)有些名詞形式上是復數，而意義上卻是單數。如news, means, works.還有許多以ics結尾的學科名稱，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，它們作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如：
1）politics is a complicated business.
2）here is the news.

(4)用and連接的單數主語，前面有each, every, many a, no等修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。復數主語與each連用時，應不受each的影響，謂語動詞仍用復數形式。例如：
1) each pen and each paper is found in its place.
2) every boy and girl is treated in the same way.
3) many a boy and many a girl has seen it.
4) the old workers and the young each have their own tools.

(5)表示重量、度量、衡量、價值的復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞常用單數形式。例如：
1) twenty miles is a long way to walk.
2) three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk.
(6)國家、單位和書報的名稱，作為一個單一的概念，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如：
1）war and peace is the longest book i’ve read.
2）general motors has recently closed down a plant. (通用汽車公司最近關閉了一家工廠。)3.毗鄰一致（就近原則）

(1)由連詞or, neither…or, either…or, not only … also, nor等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的單復數形式按毗鄰一致的原則，與貼近它的主語一致。例如：
1) he or you have taken my pen.
2) either you or he is no telling the truth.
3) not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.

(2)在there be 的結構中，謂語動詞的單復數形式一般也采取就近原則。例如：
1)there is a desk and four benches in the office.
2)there are two chairs and a desk in the office.

二、代詞指代一致
指代一致是指句中的代詞應該在人稱、數、性等方面與所指的詞保持一致。

1.人稱一致
(1)當代詞指代名詞或另一個代詞時，須在人稱上與所指代的詞保持一致。例如：
1）i recognized one of the girls, but i didn’t speak to her.
2) that woman said that she was over fifty.
3) they asked whom they should apply to.

(2)當代詞指代集合名詞時，用單數人稱代詞強調整體，用復數人稱代詞強調個人。例如：