Lesson4 Journey to the Antarctic學案

接著漆黑的極地冬夜開始了。該句為全部倒裝語序，主語為the total darkness of the polar winter. 謂語為came. 全部倒裝是將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：（1）here，there，now，then，thus 等副詞置于句首，動詞為be，come，go，lie，run. there goes the bell. then came the chairman. here is your letter. （2）表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語是表示運動的動詞。如：out rushed a boy from behind the door. 從門后跑出一個小孩。ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一位老太太。（3）全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能倒裝。如：here he comes. 他來了。away they went. 他們走了。2. …we are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart i can only guess. 我們都很愉快，但我還是能猜出大家心里的想法。what each man feels in his heart 是動詞guess的賓語，為了強調(diào)被放到了主語之前。each  adj. 每一個。each強調(diào)個體，表示單數(shù)。如：give an apple to each child. 給每個孩子一個蘋果。3. later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past the antarctic was covered by plants. 后來，這些石塊證明在遙遠的過去，南極曾被植物覆蓋。that at one time in the distant past the antarctic was covered by plants 是接在動詞proved 后面的賓語從句。（1）at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度。如：the song was popular at one time. 這首歌一度很流行。（2）in the distant past 在遙遠的過去。如：there were forests here in the distant past. 遠古時期這里是一片森林。拓展：由at …time 所構(gòu)成的短語：at this time 這時/at that time 那時/at the time 當時/at a time 一次/at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度/at times 有時候，間或/at no time 決不，在任何時候都不辨析：at a time 與at one time at a time 每次，每一次；at noe time 曾經(jīng)，一度。如：a whale may eat a ton of fish at a time. 鯨魚一次可以吃掉一噸魚。4. scott spent some of his last hours writing. spend…（in）doing sth. 花時間做……如：my niece spends a lot time reading novels every day after school. 與spend…doing sth. 類似，動名詞前常省去介詞的短語還有：have difficulty/trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有困難；it’s no use（in）doing sth. 做某事無用；waste time（in）doing sth. 做某事白費時間；prevent /stop…（from）doing sth. 防止……做某事。【模擬試題】一. 單詞拼寫1. it is known that squirrels often hide a large q       of nuts inside trees in autumn. 2. i was still sleeping when the fire b      out, and then it spread out. 3. we were a      by the news of george’s sudden death, who was only 35 years old. 4. my ink has r      out, can you spare me some?