英語：高一 Unit 14 Festival知識例析
公元六二四年，穆罕默德所領導的一小支武力，在巴卡擊敗麥加的反對者以后，「齋月」便成為一固定的教規，除了宗教的意涵外，也含有感謝上天協助穆罕默德的勝利。很多學者相信，「齋月」對穆斯林而言是天意。
「齋月」始于伊斯蘭歷的第九個月新月開始時的第一天。穆斯林在每天日出后、日落前不得進食及飲水。日落后，可以食用唯一的一餐；信徒除了表示對阿拉的信仰外，并借此洗滌心靈，懺悔前非，至次月的新月出現時，才結束長達一個月的「圣月」。隨著而來的是「開齋節」（eid al fitr），為伊斯蘭教的二大節日之一。
每年的齋月對某些人來說，好像是在過節慶似的，封齋前就已采購所需；白日禁食，日末后飲食。如飲食過度，夜裏不睡，白天則無精打采，忽略了「齋月」是體驗及體恤窮苦大眾衣食不繼的艱辛。
事實上，[齋月]期間禁食也應合乎衛生條件，如此才能真正體驗宗教意義以及維護身體健康。換句話說，齋節期間的飲食習慣不要與正常時候相去太多，只要保持簡單就可以，當然對于體重過量的人來說，[齋月]倒是一個很理想強制瘦身的好時機。
由于日出后，日落前不能進食，如何選擇食物以保持腹內不致長期空無一物的狀態是很重要的；含纖維較多，消化較慢的食品自然比較理想。
celebration of tomb sweeping day清明節
(qing ming jie)
celebrated two weeks after the vernal equinox, tomb sweeping day is one of the few traditional chinese holidays that follows the solar calendar-- typically falling on april 4, 5, or 6. its chinese name "qing ming" literally means "clear brightness," hinting at its importance as a celebration of spring. similar to the spring festivals of other cultures, tomb sweeping day celebrates the rebirth of nature, while marking the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities.
qing ming jie in ancient times
in ancient times, people celebrated qing ming jie with dancing, singing, picnics, and kite flying. colored boiled eggs would be broken to symbolize the opening of life. in the capital, the emperor would plant trees on the palace grounds to celebrate the renewing nature of spring. in the villages, young men and women would court each other.
the tomb sweeping day as celebrated today
with the passing of time, this celebration of life became a day to the honor past ancestors. following folk religion, the chinese believed that the spirits of deceased ancestors looked after the family. sacrifices of food and spirit money could keep them happy, and the family would prosper through good harvests and more children.
today, chinese visit their family graves to tend to any underbrush that has grown. weeds are pulled, and dirt swept away, and the family will set out offerings of food and spirit money. unlike the sacrifices at a familys home altar, the offerings at the tomb usually consist of dry, bland food. one theory is that since any number of ghosts rome around a grave area, the less appealing food will be consumed by the ancestors, and not be plundered by strangers.