初中英語(yǔ)（新課標(biāo)版）中考總復(fù)習(xí)沖刺材料1
4）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等
例如：
i saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）
i have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）
why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）
who hasn't handed in his paper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）
he has been in the league for three years. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）
he has been a league member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）
5）句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。
（錯(cuò)）tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（對(duì)）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
【11. 比較since和for 】
since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。例如：
i have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
i have lived here since i was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
i worked here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）
i have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。）
注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。
1）（對(duì)） tom has studied russian for three years. = tom began to study russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（錯(cuò)） harry has got married for six years. = harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為 harry got married six years ago. 或 harry has been married for six years.
【12. since的四種用法】
1） since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
i have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。
2） since +一段時(shí)間+ ago。例如：
i have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。
3） since +從句。例如：
great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。
great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。
4） it is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句。例如：
it is two years since i became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
【13. 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞】
1） 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：
he has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 （表結(jié)果）
i've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷）