(UNIT1)現在完成時的重點和難點

二、時態的變化
附：時態不變的幾種情況：
1. 如主句謂語動詞為一般現在時或一般將來時，則間接引語中的動詞仍保持直接引語的原來時態。
he says,“i’m very busy today.”              he says (that) he is very busy today.
he will say,“i have watered the flowers.”      he will say (that)he has watered the flowers.
2. 直接引語如果是客觀真理，事實，格言等內容時，變間接引語時，時態不變。
例：he said: “light travels much faster than sound.” 他說：“光傳播的速度要比聲音快得多�！�
    he said that light travels much faster than sound
3. 直接引語是書信、新聞報道等相關內容時，變間接引語時，時態不變。
4. 直接引語說的是一個人習慣的動作時，變間接引語時，時態不變。
5. 轉述正在進行的對話時，變間接引語時，時態不變。
6. 直接引語有具體的表示過去的時間時，變間接引語時，時態不變。
7. when 和 since 引導的時間狀語從句時，變間接引語時，時態不變。
否則：如主句謂語動詞為過去時，則間接引語中的動詞應由現在時變為過去時
一般現在時→一般過去時                         一般將來時→過去將來時
現在進行時→過去進行時                         一般過去時→過去完成時
現在完成時→過去完成時
三、時間狀語的變化
now →then    last month→the month before    toight→that night  today→that day
three days ago → three days before    tomorrow→ the next day   this week→that week
next month→the next month  yesterday→the day before   the day after tomorrow→in two days
例：she said, “i went there yesterday.”  她說，“我昨天去那兒了�！�
she said that she had gone there the day before. 她說她前一天去那兒了。
四、人稱的變化
直接引語變為間接引語相當于把直接引語變為賓語從句。因此直接引語的人稱要做相應的變化。
①直接引語的主語為第一人稱時，變為間接引語要和主句的主語保持一致。
he said: “i will go to beijing tomorrow.”   he said that he would go to beijing the next day.
②直接引語的主語為第二人稱時，要和主句的賓語保持一致。
例：he said to me: “you will leave tomorrow.”   he told me that i would leave the next day.
③直接引語是第三人稱為主語時，變間接引語時不變。
例：he said to me: “my sister will leave tomorrow.”  he told me that his sister would leave tomorrow.
he said to us: “they want to come.”     he told us that they wanted to go.