八年級(jí)英語直接引語與間接引語
直接引語與間接引語
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
? 1. 掌握直接引語與間接引語的意義、功能及用法；
? 2. 進(jìn)一步熟練過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）。
二、學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
? 1.直接引語（direct speech）是指原封不動(dòng)的引用原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，例如：
? mother told me, “you should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your friends.”
? they said, “we want to have a rest.”
? 間接引語（reported speech，又叫indirect speech）即用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。上面兩個(gè)例句變成間接引語應(yīng)該是：
? mother told me that i should finish my homework first and then i could go out and play with my friends.
? they said they wanted to have a rest.
? 2. 當(dāng)我們把直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，由于引述動(dòng)詞（said，told等）一般都是過去時(shí)形式，因此間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、限定詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等一般都要做相應(yīng)的變化。有下面幾種情況：
? 1） 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去時(shí)間
? 所謂現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去時(shí)間指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)。例如：
? she said, “i am hungry.”
? －> she said (that) she was hungry.
? he said, “the family are fighting among themselves.”
? －> he said (that) the family were fighting among themselves.
? tom said, “i have found what’s wrong with the computer.”
? －> tom said he had found what was wrong with the computer.
? 在下列場(chǎng)合，盡管陳述動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)形式，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)卻不必改變，即：
? a） 當(dāng)引述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣工作以及格言等內(nèi)容時(shí)：
? he said, “the word ‘laser’ is an acronym（首字母縮略詞）.”
? －> he said the word ‘laser’ is an acronym.
? b） 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞所表示的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作在引述時(shí)仍在繼續(xù)時(shí)：
? “i’m forty,” he said.
? －> he said he is forty.
? c） 當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞包含無過去時(shí)形式的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞時(shí)：
? he said, “it must be pretty late. i really must go.”
? －> he said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.
? he said, “you mustn’t smoke in the room.”
? －> he said i mustn’t smoke in the room.
? 2） 過去時(shí)間推移到過去的過去
? 這里需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
? a） 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)先于引述動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)要變成過去完成體。例如：
? he said, “i didn’t know you.”
? －> he said he hadn’t known me.
? 當(dāng)“過去的過去”已經(jīng)不言自明，或者通過其他詞匯手段予以體現(xiàn)，或者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)所轉(zhuǎn)述的事實(shí)本身時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)形式可以不變。例如：
? ann said, “she was born in 1981.”