Chapter 6 Water talk(精選2篇)
Chapter 6 Water talk 篇1
chapter 6 water talk
part a language
i. words and expressions
1. freeze v. 結(jié)冰,僵住 freezing adj. 寒冷的 frozen adj. 冷凍的
it’s freezing outside. look! the ground is frozen. 外面寒冷,看地上結(jié)冰了。
danny froze when he heard the news. 當(dāng)?shù)つ崧牭竭@消息時,他愣住了。
2. impatient adj. 不耐煩的 patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人
we mustn’t be impatient with the patients. 對待病人我們不能不耐煩。
3. chemical n. & adj. 化學(xué)品;化學(xué)的 chemistry n. 化學(xué) chemist n. 化學(xué)家
in the chemistry lesson, the teacher put some chemicals inside the tubes. 在化學(xué)課上,老師把一些化學(xué)品放進(jìn)試管中。
4. comfortable adj. 舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒服地
i like to lie comfortably in that comfortable sofa alone. 我喜歡獨(dú)自舒服地躺在舒適的沙發(fā)上。
5. complete adj. 完整的 completely adv. 完整地 incomplete adj. 不完整的
i completely forgot that i had a meeting this morning. 我完全忘記了今天上午有個會。
your answer is incomplete. please use a complete sentence. 你的回答不完整,請用一句完整的句子。
6. science n. 科學(xué) scientific adj. 科學(xué)的 scientist n. 科學(xué)家
the scientist is doing a scientific experiment now.那位科學(xué)家正在做一個科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
he is interested in science. 他對科學(xué)感興趣。
7. treatment n. 處理 treat v. 對待
the old man was treated well in that hospital. they gave him a medical treatment immediately. 在醫(yī)院那位老人受到很好的醫(yī)治,他們馬上給他進(jìn)行了治療。
8. visible adj. 看得見的 invisible adj. 看不見的
air is invisible and water is visible. 空氣看不見,水看得見。
9. a water treatment works 一家水質(zhì)凈化廠
yesterday we visited a water treatment works in shanghai. 昨天我們參觀了上海的一家水質(zhì)凈化廠。
10. look round= look around 四周環(huán)顧
he looked around but saw nobody. 他往四周看,可是沒看見任何人。
11. shake one’s head 搖頭 nod one’s head 點(diǎn)頭
we shake our heads to show disagreement, and nod our heads to show agreement. 我們搖頭表示反對,點(diǎn)頭表示贊同。
12. decrease n.&v. 減少(之量)
your hunger decreases as you eat. 你吃過東西以后就不餓了。
ii. language structure
1. 數(shù)量的表達(dá)
不可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞
none
too little/ little some a few
not much not many
too much/much a lot of=lots of too many/ many
a small amount of
a large amount of
an amount of plenty of a large number of
2. how many/ how much +一般疑問句
3. 用in/at/on表示時間
in+年份/月份/季節(jié)(in , in august, in spring)
at+ 具體的時間(8:45, at three, at noon, at dawn, at night)
on+日期(on jan. 1st, 1956; on the morning of jan. 12st; on a cold evening
4. be going to/will表示將來時的區(qū)別
be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表示事先經(jīng)過考慮的意圖、打算或準(zhǔn)備;或很快就要發(fā)生的將來的情況或行動。
will 可以表示愿意和決心。
i am going to be 50 next monday.
i have bought some bricks and i am going go rebuild the house next week.
there is a knock on the door. i will go to open it.
if you are going to the cinema tonight, you’d better take your key.
5. 動詞不定式作主語:不定式短語作語時,常用形式主語it來代替,而真正的主語放在句子的謂語后面。
it’s not easy for me to get there. (對事加以評論)
it is brave of you to walk in to the forest by yourself. (對人加以評論)
動詞不定式肯定形式(to do)和否定形式(not to do)
it was time to get cleaned up.
remember not to waste me or pollute me.
6. 狀語從句
在句子中作狀語的從句叫狀語從句。它是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的狀語從句根據(jù)作用的不同可分為以下幾種,注意所用的不同連詞。
1) 時間狀語從句:when, while, as, as soon as, after, before, until, since
2) 條件狀語從句:if, as long as
3) 原因狀語從句:because, since, as
4) 讓步狀語從句:although, though, now that
5) 結(jié)果狀語從句:so…that, so that, such… that
6) 目的狀語從句:so that, in order that
7) 比較/方式狀語從句:as…as, not as…as, not so…as, than
8) 地點(diǎn)狀語從句:where, wherever
狀語從句中一般都不能和將來時態(tài)。如果從句要表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)時,需用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替。
iii. notes
1. here i am. 我在這里(副詞提前)。
2. 統(tǒng)計圖表的表達(dá)
bar chart(直條圖),line graph(線條圖),flow chart(流程圖)
3. 賓語從句要用陳述句來表達(dá)
do you know where i am from?
i thought i heard voices in there.
you know where that is.
4. voice 嗓音/sound聲音/noise 噪音
5. a voice said loudly 相當(dāng)于(sb.)said in a loud voice 一個聲音大聲說
Chapter 6 Water talk 篇2
chapter 5 water talk
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容: chapter 5 water talk 二、重點(diǎn)語法:(一)how much與how many的用法1. 所修飾詞的不同 how many用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),它的句式是:how many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+一般疑問句+? how much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表示數(shù)量,也可單獨(dú)使用。 2. how many的用法 (1)對there be句型中主語的數(shù)量如:some, five, only one等提問時,如果主語是可數(shù)名詞,不管主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的一般都用復(fù)數(shù)形式提問,因?yàn)閱栐捜瞬恢谰唧w的數(shù)量是多少,而且many只能接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以be一定要用are.即用how many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+are there+地點(diǎn)/時間狀語?的句型結(jié)構(gòu).例如: ① there is a book on the desk. (用how many改為特殊疑問句) how many books are there on the desk? ② there are seven days in a week. (對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問) how many days are there in a week? (2)記憶口訣 how many在句首,名詞復(fù)數(shù)跟著走,一般問句緊相隨,其它成分不要丟。3. how much的用法 (1)用來詢問事物的數(shù)量,后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如: how much milk is there in the glass? 玻璃杯里有多少牛奶? (2)用來詢問事物的重量。例如: -h(huán)ow much does the pig weigh? 這頭豬多重? -eighty kilos.八十公斤。 (3)how much 意為“多少錢”時,可單獨(dú)使用,也可構(gòu)成詞組how much money,但英語中常省略money,用來詢問某物的價錢、價格。 (注意:how much詢問價格時,它的回答若是中國的貨幣單位應(yīng)采用漢語拼音yuan, fen來表示,幾角常采用幾十分來表示,字母用小寫,且不用復(fù)數(shù)。)例如:-h(huán)ow much is the eraser?這塊橡皮擦多少錢?-ninety two fen. 九角二分。) (4)用來詢問數(shù)字計算的結(jié)果,相當(dāng)于what。例如: -h(huán)ow much is three plus one? 三加一等于多少? -it is four. 等于四。 (二)few 和 little的用法:1. a few people/few people有幾個人/沒有幾個人這兩種形式也都能作為代詞使用,或單獨(dú)使用或與of連用:-sugar?-a little,please.-要糖嗎?-請給一點(diǎn)兒。only a few of these are any good.這其中只有幾個用得著。2. a little,a few(形容詞和代詞)a little指少量或者說話人認(rèn)為少的量;a few指小數(shù)目或者說話人認(rèn)為小的數(shù)目。把only放在a little/a few之前,是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人認(rèn)為該數(shù)量的確很小。only a few of our customers have accounts.我們的顧客中只有少數(shù)人是記賬的。但是把quite放在a few之前就大大增大了這個數(shù)量:i have quite a few books on art.我有不少關(guān)于藝術(shù)的書。(許多書)3. little和few(形容詞和代詞):little和few意為很少或沒有,幾乎具有否定意義:there was little time for consultation.幾乎沒有時間商量。little is known about the side-effects of this drug.這種藥物有些什么副作用,現(xiàn)在還不大清楚。few towns have such splendid trees.有這么好看的樹木的城市不多。little和few的這種用法主要限于書面英語(可能由于在日常會話中l(wèi)ittle和few容易被誤認(rèn)為是 a little/a few)。因此,在日常會話中l(wèi)ittle和few通常由hardly any替代,也可以由動詞否定式+much/many替代:we saw little.我們沒有看到什么。相當(dāng)于:we saw hardly anything./we didn’t see much.我們幾乎什么都沒有看到。tourists come here but few stay overnight.有游客到這里來,但很少有人過夜。相當(dāng)于:tourists come here but hardly any stay overnight.有游客到這里來,但幾乎沒有人在這里過夜。但如果little和few由so,very,too,extremely,comparatively,relatively等詞修飾,就可以較自由地使用。fewer(比較級)也可以更自由地使用。i’m unwilling to try a drug i know so little about.我不愿意服我知之甚少的藥。they have too many technicians,we have too few.他們的技術(shù)員太多,而我們的又太少。there are fewer butterflies every year.蝴蝶的數(shù)量每年都在減少。4. a little/little(副詞)(1)a little可以:(a)與動詞連用:it rained a little during the night.夜里下了一點(diǎn)兒雨。they grumbled a little about having to wait.他們?yōu)橐群虮г沽藥拙洹#╞)與具有“令人不快的”意義的形容詞和副詞連用:a little anxious有點(diǎn)兒著急a little annoyed有點(diǎn)兒不耐煩a little unwillingly有點(diǎn)兒不情愿地a little impatiently有點(diǎn)兒不耐心地(c)與形容詞和副詞的比較級連用:the paper should be a little thicker.這紙應(yīng)該再厚一點(diǎn)兒。can’t you walk a little faster?你不能走得快一點(diǎn)兒嗎?在(b)中可以用 rather來代替a little。 rather也可以用于比較級之前(參見第42節(jié)),但a little更常用一些。在英語口語中,a bit可以在上述例子中用以替代a little。(2)在比較正式的文體中,little主要與better或more連用:his second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first.他的第二個建議比第一個好不了多少。he was little(= not much) more than a child when his father died.他父親去世時,他差不多還是個孩子。在正式的英語中,little可用在某些動詞如 expect,know,suspect,think等之前:he little expected to find himself in prison.他幾乎沒有料到自己會進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。he little thought that one day… 他幾乎從不曾想過有一天……注意像little-known和little-used這樣的形容詞的用法:a little-known painter 一個籍籍無名的畫家a little-used footpath 一條幾乎沒有人走的小道 (三)on的用法:prep. 1. 在……上 he laid a hand on my shoulder. 他把一只手放在我肩上。 2. 以……支持,掛在……上;以……為軸 there is a picture on the wall. 墻上有一幅畫。 3. 朝,向 4. 靠近,在……旁,沿著 she stood on my left. 她站在我左邊。 5. 在……的時候,在……后立即 he jumped with joy on hearing the news. 他一聽到這個消息就高興得跳了起來。 6. 關(guān)于,有關(guān) the teacher made comments on our compositions. 老師就我們的作文作了講評。 7. 以……方式,通過 did you hear it on the radio? 你是從收音機(jī)聽到這個消息的嗎? 8. 憑……,靠……;使用……,吃…… they said they were acting on instructions. 他們說他們是奉命行事。 9. 處于……狀態(tài),進(jìn)行中 10. 屬于……,參加……,是……的成員 he is on the school volleyball team. 他是校排球隊隊員。 11. 加之于,重疊于 12. 由……支付 have another coffee on me. 再來一杯咖啡,我請客。 13. 帶在……身上 ad. 1. 繼續(xù) they talked on until midnight. 他們一直談到深夜。 2. 向前 3. 穿上,蓋上,連接上 it’s cold today. why don’t you put your overcoat on? 今天很冷。為什么不把大衣穿上? 4. (機(jī)器)處于工作狀態(tài);開著;通著 he left the engine on while waiting for joe. 他在等候喬時讓汽車引擎開著。 5. 上演著;在進(jìn)行中 a.[z] 1.(機(jī)器等)工作著的,開著的 2. 正在上演的,在放映的 what’s on for tonight at the cinema? 今晚電影院上映什么片子? 3. 在發(fā)生的,在進(jìn)行的 the strike is still on. 罷工仍在繼續(xù)。 4. 菜單上有的,供應(yīng)的 i’d like to have some salmon if it is on. 如果有大馬哈魚供應(yīng),我想來一點(diǎn)。 5. 【俚】知情的 6. 【美】【俚】醉了的 (四)in, to, on和off在方位名詞前的區(qū)別 1. in表示a地在b地范圍之內(nèi)。如: Chinese Taiwan is in the southeast of china. 2. to表示a地在b地范圍之外,即二者之間有距離間隔。如: japan lies to the east of china. 3. on表示a地與b地接壤、毗鄰。如: north korea is on the east of china. 4. off表示“離……一些距離或離……不遠(yuǎn)的海上”。如: they arrived at a house off the main road. new zealand lies off the eastern coast of australia. (五)at, in, on, by和through在表示時間上的區(qū)別 1. at指時間表示: (1)時間的一點(diǎn)、時刻等。如: they came home at sunrise(at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn). (2)較短暫的一段時間。可指某個節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子。如: he went home at christmas (at new year, at the spring festival, at night). 2. in指時間表示: (1)在某個較長的時間(如世紀(jì)、朝代、年、月、季節(jié)以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)內(nèi)。如:in , in march, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc. (2)在一段時間之后。一般情況下,用于將來時,謂語動詞為瞬間動詞,意為“在……以后”。如: he will arrive in two hours. 謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時,in意為“在……以內(nèi)”。如: these products will be produced in a month. 注意:after用于將來時間也指一段時間之后,但其后的時間是“一點(diǎn)”,而不是“一段”。如: he will arrive after two o’clock. 3. on指時間表示: (1)具體的時日和一個特定的時間,如某日、某節(jié)日、星期幾等。如: on christmas day(on may 4th), there will be a celebration. (2)在某個特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如: he arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th. (3)準(zhǔn)時,按時。如: if the train should be on time, i should reach home before dark. 4. by指時間表示: 不遲于,在(某時)前。如: he will come by six o’clock.