Unit 5 Theme parks
english itself does not use prefixes as heavily as it once did, but many english words come from latin, which uses prefixes and suffixes (you can use the word affix to refer either to a prefix or a suffix) quite extensively. for example, the words "prefix," "suffix," and "affix" themselves are all formed from "fix" by the used of prefixes: · "ad" (to) + "fix" (attached) = "affix" · "pre" (before) + "fix" = "prefix" · "sub" (under) + "fix" = "suffix" note that both the "-d" of "ad" and the "-b" of "sub" change the last letter. here are some of the most common latin prefixes (for the meanings of the latin roots, look up the words in a good dictionary): ab (away) abrupt, absent, absolve ad (to) adverb, advertisment, afflict in (not) incapable, indecisive, intolerable inter (between, among) intercept, interdependent, interprovincial intra (within) intramural, intrapersonal, intraprovincial pre (before) prefabricate, preface prefer post (after) postpone, postscript, postwar sub (under) submarine, subscription, suspect trans (across) transfer, transit, translate iii. ready used materials for word formation 詞根(base,boot):指同根詞共有的可以辨認的部分。詞干(stem):是未經詞形變化的原詞。
前綴(prefix)和后綴(suffix):原是獨立的詞或詞根,由于經常綴在別的詞或詞根的前后,輔助中心意義,漸漸就失去了獨立的意義和形式,而成為附加的構詞部分。 下面,我們來學習一下“合成法(composition)”。
1.合成名詞 名詞+名詞:前面的名詞說明后面的名詞,中心意義由后面的名詞表達,比如,同是book,可以有account book,hand-book,note-book等等。前面的名詞可以表示人、物、性別、器具、地點、時間、比喻對象等等。如:eye-shot(視力范圍)、buck-rabbit(公兔)、night-school(夜校)、baby-husband(小女婿)等等。
形容詞+名詞:這類詞意義關系一目了然,有時候是實指,有時候是指物而擬人。如blueprints(藍圖),big hat(大人物),double-face(兩面派)等等。
動名詞+名詞:動名詞表示行為或狀態的改變,名詞往往表示所用的器物,地名等等,如consulting-room(診室),writing-desk(寫字臺)。
動詞+名詞:往往由短語動詞變成,或者是轉化與合成的結合,如pickpocket(扒手),turn-coat(叛徒)等等。
名詞+動名詞:很普遍,有時甚至可以隨意構造,如book-learning(書本知識),word-making(構詞)等等。
前置詞+名詞:意義關系和“形容詞+名詞”類型相似:after-effects(后果),by-product(副產品)等等。
另外,國名的組合,有時候用“拉丁語+英語”的方式,如afro-asian people's conference( 亞非會議)、sino-japanese war(中日戰爭) 1. 合成形容詞
形容詞+名詞:形容詞和名詞連用,原是短語,用做定語。固定下來,成為形容詞,有的還只是nonce-words,也有合成名詞作定語或轉成形容詞的情形:如full-time worker(全職工)、long-range gun(遠程炮)等。