高二英語模塊五 Unit1語法教學案
m5u1語法不定式
1. 作主語:the cat said, “to take roller coaster is terrible”.
不定式短語作主語時,可以直接放在句首,在疑問句和感嘆句中,往往放在謂語之后,而用先行代詞it作形式主語。
how long did it take you to finish the task
不定式作主語常見句型:
a) it is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式
b) it is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式
it’s my duty ____________________________. (教你們學好英語)
c) it takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式
it requires patience ________________________________. (做好這項工作)
2. 作表語:當句子的主語是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語是what引導的名詞性從句時,后面可以用不定式做表語,用以說明主語所包含內容。
our most important task now is _____________________ . (制定計劃)
注:作表語的不定式都帶to,但當主語部分有實義動詞do時,to可以省略。
the only thing we can do now is _________________ . (等等看)
3.作賓語
the cat said “remember ________________next time!”.(別遲到)
a) 可以直接用不定式作賓語的動詞很多,常見的有:agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等。
當不定式短語比賓補長時,往往將不定式放到賓補后,而用先行代詞it作形式賓語,常用動詞有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。
the cat felt it _________________________________ . (躺在草地上很舒服)
b) 不定式一般不作介詞的賓語,只有少數介詞如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作介詞賓語的不定式都帶to,如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動詞都是實義動詞do, does, did時,通常省略to。
we have no choice ______________________. (只好等)
we can do nothing __________________ . (只好等)
4. 賓語補足語
a) 通常作賓語補語的不定式要帶to,常用于以下動詞之后:ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等
you should get them___________________ .(立刻開始工作)
但在謂語動詞believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作賓補,不跟to do…
they believe _____________________________ . (他誠實)
b) 使役動詞let, have, make等,感官動詞hear, feel, see, watch, notice等接不帶to 的動詞不定式,如用在被動語態則加上to
don’t let the children ________________ . (麻煩你)
i heard someone . (敲門)
he was made early by his father. (上床睡覺)