高二英語選修7第一單元Unit 1 living well第4——5課時導(dǎo)學(xué)案
d.withwithout + 名詞 + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
“withwithout + 名詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中通常起狀語的作用。
with so much work to do, i shall not be able to go to the cinema with you. 有這么多工作要做,我不能和你去看電影了。
with him to stay in the house, i feel quite safe. 有他住在家里,我感到十分安全。
without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 由于沒有東西吃,他餓死了。
e.it is + 形容詞 + for of sb + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)
在“it is +形容詞+ of sb +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征,如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“it is +形容詞+for sb +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,形容詞通常表示事物的性質(zhì),如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。
it's kind of you to think so much of us. 難為你這么為我們著想。(= you are kind to think so much of us.) 比較: it is good lf you to help me with my english. 你真好,幫助我學(xué)英語。(強調(diào)you 的特征=y(tǒng)ou are good to help me.)
it is good for you to give up smoking. 戒煙對你有好處。(強調(diào)的是give up smoking 這一行為=fof you to give up smoking is good.)
f.用主動式表示被動含義的不定式
動詞不定式在句中究竟用主動還是被動,有時比較復(fù)雜,主要有下面幾種情況:
1.不定式做后置定語,和被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,但又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。
do you have anything to say on this question 針對這個問題你有什么要說的嗎?
he is a pleasant person to work with. 他是一個與其合作起來令人感到愉快的人。
2.不定式作形容詞的賓語,和句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時。
the book is difficult to understand. 這本書很難理解。
the chair is comfortable to sit on. 這把椅子坐起來很舒服。
3.there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人考慮必須有人去完成某件事時。
there is nothing to worry about. 沒什么可擔(dān)心的。 there is nothing to fear. 沒有什么可害怕的。
比較: there is a lot of work to do.
有許多事情要做。(表示某人必須做這工作)
there is a lot of work to be done.
有許多事情要做。(強調(diào)有許多事情必須做)
she has two letters to type. 她有兩封信要打。(自己打)
she has two letters to be typed. 她有兩封信要打。(別人打)
i.表示虛擬語氣的不定式完成式。
i hoped to have met him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火車站接到他,但他未露面。
we would love to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold out. 我們原想去看這場比賽的,但票已售完了。