高二英語選修7 Unit 2第四課時【Grammar learning】導學單
高二英語 選修七unit2 robots導學單
導學單（四）grammar learning
教學目標：復習被動語態。各種時態下被動語態的結構和用法。能辨別被動語態與系表結構。
look at the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined part.
1.knives are used for cutting things.
2.the foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
3.nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.
4.several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
5.your mistakes should be corrected right now.
6.my bike is being repaired by tom now
discovering useful structures go over the passive voice
be + v+-ed/-en/-t
my hamburger was eaten by the dog.
a new hospital will be built in our city.
使用被動語態的情況
1.我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰的時候(這時不帶by引起的短語)。
printing was introduced to europe from china. (省略了by短語。)
look! there is nothing here. everything has been taken away. (省略了by短語。)
2.當我們出于禮貌、措辭委婉等方面 考慮不愿說出動作的執行者是誰時。
you are requested to give a performance.
you are cordially (誠摯地) invited to a party to be given at the teachers' club at 3 p.m. nov. 23.
3.當我們強調或興趣在動作的承受 時(這時可帶by引起的短語)。
the song was composed (組成; 寫作)by a student.
a good time was had by all.
被動語態的構成
被動語態由be+過去分詞構成，be隨時態的變化而變化。以give為例，各種時態的被動語態形式為：
一般現在時：am/is/are + given
the first section of new college english is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.
一般過去時：was/were + given
these computers were made in our own country.
一般將來時：will/shall be + given
shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
過去將來時：would be + given
the news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
現在進行時：am/is/are being + given
trees are being planted over there by them.
過去進行時：was/were being + given
the feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.
現在完成時：have/has been + given
swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
過去完成時：had been + given
the huge bridge had been damaged before the world war ii.
將來完成時：will/shall have been + given
the book will have been published by the end of next month.