高二英語選修7 Unit 2第四課時【Grammar learning】導學單
含有情態動詞的動詞變成被動語態：情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞
this problem can be solved.
what’s done cannot be undone.
george might be sent to america by his company in august.
類似結構（be going to, have to等）變成被動語態：
this room is going to be painted next week.
go away! i want to be left alone.
一些特殊的被動語態
1. 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語(指人的賓語）。
they didn’t offer ann the job.
ann wasn’t offered the job.
2. 在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加 to。
they make her clean the floor. she is made to clean the floor by them.
3. it + be + 過去分詞 + that從句 (=主語+ be + 過去分詞 + to do sth.)
表示：據說/據報道/據悉/據信等……
it is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
the boy is said to have passed the national exam.
4.動詞get代替be。(get往往用在口語中。)
there was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was) hurt.
get + done 同 be + done 的區別：
get done 往往表示行為不是計劃之中，而是意外發生的。如：
the dog got run over by a car.
不可以變成被動語態
1. 某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數其他的動詞可以表示被動意義。
cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, write
. the dish tastes delicious.
the theory proved right at last.
. the book is so interesting that it sells well.
“sells”此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來; 有銷路”的意思；作及物動詞為“賣; 出售”
this kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗)
2.need + v- ing 表示“主語承受動詞發出的動作”，表示被動意義。
我的車需要修理。my car needs repairing (= to be repaired).
3. 某些表示狀態或者特征的及物動詞沒有被動語態形式。這類動詞常見的有：
beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，become, contain, cost, have, lack, resemble (相似), suit等。
this new english-chinese dictionary cost me ten dollars.
4. 通常只有及物動詞（組）才有被動語態，不及物動詞沒有。
如：戰爭爆發了。
可以說：the war broke out. 但不能說：the war was broke out.
被動結構與系表結構的區別
“be + 過去分詞”這個結構并不都是被動語態，也可能是系表結構。被動語態與系表結構主要區別是：被動結構表示一個動作，而系表結構表示主語的特點或所處的狀態，試比較下面的句子：
被動結構 the enemy was soon surrounded by us.
系表結構 the house is surrounded by trees.
被動結構 she was bitten by the dog in the darkness.
系表結構 i was excited by the news that my husband got promoted.