The United Kingdom（Period 5 Grammar）
oxford houses the bodleian library and the ashmolean museum.the oxford university press, established in 1478, is one of the largest and most prestigious university publishers in the world.
oxford has been associated with many of the greatest names in british history, from john wesley and cardinal wolsey to oscar wilde and sir richard burton to cecil rhodes and sir walter raleigh.the astronomer edmond halley studied at oxford, and the physicist robert boyle performed his most important research there.prime ministers who studied at oxford include william pitt the elder, george canning, sir robert peel, william gladstone, lord salisbury, h.h.asquith, clement attlee, anthony eden, harold macmillan, edward heath, sir harold wilson, and margaret thatcher.
university of cambridge
university of cambridge is an english autonomous institution of higher learning at cambridge, cambridge shire, 50 miles (80 km) north of london.
the start of the university is generally taken as 1209, when scholars from oxford migrated to cambridge to escape oxford’s riots of“town and gown”(townpeople versus scholars).to avert possible troubles, the authorities in cambridge allowed only scholars under the supervision of a master to remain in the town.it was partly to provide an orderly place of residence that (in emulation of oxford) the first college, peterhouse, was founded in 1284.over the next three centuries another 15 colleges were founded, and in 1318 cambridge received formal recognition as a studium generale from pope john ⅹ?.
cambridge remained fairly insignificant until about 1502, when a professorship of divinity was founded—the oldest in the university.in 1546 henry ⅷ founded trinity college (which was and still remains the largest of the cambridge colleges).in 1570 elizabeth ⅰgave the university a revised body of statutes, and in 1571 the university was formally incorporated by act of parliament.the new statutes, which remained in force for nearly three centuries, vested the effective government of the university in the heads of colleges.
in 1663 the lucasian professorship of mathematics was founded under the will of a former member of the university, and six years later the first holder resigned in favour of issac newton, then a young fellow of trinity.newton held the chair for over 30 years and gave the study of mathematics a unique position in the university.
in 1871 the university established the cavendish professorship of experimental physics and began the building of the cavendish laboratory.james clerk maxwell was the first professor.here, too, the team of max ferdinand and perutz and john cowdery kendrew and the team of francis crick and james watson elucidated the structures of proteins and of the double-helix dna, to found the modern science of molecular biology.earlier came the work of sir frederick gowland hopkins, who, more than perhaps any other man, can be hailed as the founder of biochemistry. noted cambridge scholars in other fields have been the naturalist charles darwin, the economist john maynard keynes, and the historian g.m.trevelyan.