Scientific achievements教案
② 作“由于”、“因?yàn)椤苯猓龑?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,表示比較明顯的原因。由as引導(dǎo)的原因從句通常放在主句之前。as he didn't know much english,he got out his dictionary and looked up the word. 由于他不懂得多少英語(yǔ),他拿出來(lái)詞典查了這個(gè)詞。
③ 作“如 (不如)……一樣”解,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或比較狀語(yǔ)從句。he does not speak as the other people do. 他不像其他人那樣肯說(shuō)話(huà)。he is not so diligent as you. 他不如你勤奮。(so…as…只用于否定句。若為肯定句必須用as…as…)
④引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),作“雖然”、“盡管” 解,這時(shí),要將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)之前,使句子部分倒裝。如果表語(yǔ)是名詞,放在句首時(shí)不能加冠詞。young as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管年輕,他懂得很多。old man as he is, he still works hard. 盡管他是個(gè)老人,他仍然工作很努力。
(2) as用作代詞
① 作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)限制xing定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞前常有such,the same與之呼應(yīng),構(gòu)成such...as,the same (…) as…。we'll make such computers as are needed in different branches of science. 我們將制造出科學(xué)的各部門(mén)所需要的那種計(jì)算機(jī)。/ i'm reading the same books as you. 我讀的書(shū)與你讀的書(shū)相同。
②引導(dǎo)非限制xing定語(yǔ)從句,as常常作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,在這種情況下as指的是前面或后面的整個(gè)句子。the two cities are far away from each other, as you can see in the map. 正如你在地圖上看見(jiàn)的那樣,這兩座城市相距甚遠(yuǎn)。/ as everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold. 大家都知道,閃光的東西不都是金子。
3) as if (as though) 用作連詞,作“就像…似的”“仿佛”解 (1) as if (as though)引起的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, be通常為were或was。如從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí);若從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。jane shouted in surprise as if she saw the land. 珍妮驚喊著,好像看見(jiàn)了陸地。/ tom is talking about china as if he had been there. 湯姆正在談著中國(guó),好像他去過(guò)一樣。
(2)若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為look,seem,taste,smell等詞時(shí),as if引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常常使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 it looks as if it is going to rain. 看起來(lái)天好像耍下雨。/ this meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 這肉嘗起來(lái)好像已變壞了。
(3)當(dāng)從句中主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)一致,從句謂語(yǔ)又包含動(dòng)詞be時(shí),這個(gè)主語(yǔ)和be可以省略。he glanced about as if (he was) in search of something. 他四處打量著好像在搜尋什么。
(4) as if (as though)可以接一個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)。he waved his hand to me as if to have something to tell me. 他向我揮了揮手好像有事要告訴我。
辨析:as,when與while
as,when,while作為連詞,都有“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”的意思。* as常可與when或while通用,但它較強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句中的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)發(fā)生。因此,常作“一面……一面……”解。 * while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過(guò)程,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)詞和從句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。用while引導(dǎo)的從句中用延續(xù)xing動(dòng)詞。