Unit 1 Getting along with others
unit 1 getting along with othersgrammar---教案
ⅰ. 不定式句法功能
1. 作主語：the cat said, “to take roller coaster” is terrible.
不定式短語作主語時，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情況下，尤其是在疑問句和感嘆句中，往往放在謂語之后，而用先行代詞it作形式主語。
→ the cat said, “it’s terrible to take roller coaster.”
how long did it take you to take roller coaster?
how terrible it is to take roller coaster?
不定式作主語常見句型：
a) it is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式
b) it is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式
eg. it’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of no.3 middle school.
c) it takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式
eg. it requires patience to be a good teacher.
2. 作表語：當句子的主語是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語是what引導的名詞性從句時，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內容。
eg. our most important task now is to make a plan.
注：作表語的不定式都帶to，但當主語部分有實義動詞do時，to可以省略。
eg. the only thing we can do now is wait and see.
3.作賓語
the cat said “remember not to take it next time!”.
a) 可以直接用不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等
XX年天津卷12題：i don’t want _____ like i’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
a. to sound b. to be sounded c. sounding d. to have sounded
當不定式短語比賓補長時，往往將不定式放到賓補后，而用先行代詞it作形式賓語，常用動詞有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。
the cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.
b) 不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，只有少數介詞如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作介詞賓語的不定式都帶to，如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動詞都是實義動詞do, does, did時，通常省略to。
eg. we have no choice but to wait.
cf. we can do nothing but wait.
4. 賓語補足語
在svoc句型中，許多動詞都可以按不定式作賓語補足語。
a) 通常作賓語補語的不定式要帶to，常用于以下動詞之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等
you should get them to help you.
但在謂語動詞believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作賓補，不跟to do…
eg. they believe him to be honest.
b) 以下兩類動詞后跟不定式作賓補時不能帶to
①一些表示“致使”意義的動詞，如：let, have, make等
②一些表示感覺的動詞，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等