Unit 1 Getting along with others

eg. it’s very kind of you to come to see me.
連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在諸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等動詞后作賓、主語或表語。
eg. no one can tell me where to find john.
when to the exam is still unknown.
   the problem is how to get enough money.
不定式的進行式、完成式和被動式
①不定式的進行式由to be + v-ing構成，用來表示謂語動詞動作發生時，不定式的動作正在進行。
eg. some students pretended to be reading english when the teacher came in.
②不定式完成式由to have + v-ed構成，用來表示動作發生在謂語動作之前。
eg. XX年江蘇卷no.25
   --- is bob still performing?
   --- i’m afraid not. he is said _______ the stage already as he has become an official.
   a. to have left     b. to leave     c. to have been     d. to be left
答案是a
③不定式的被動式分為一般式被動to be v-ing和完成式被動to have been v-ed。當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動語態。
eg. it is an honour for me to be invited to the party.
   the book is said to have been translated into many languages.
   XX年遼寧卷no.22
   all these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for christmas.
   a. in order to have received  b. in order to receive  c. so as to be received   d. so as to be receiving
  
動名詞
1. 動名詞的句法功能：動名詞由動詞加ing構成，與現在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔任主語、表語、賓語和定語。
①作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。
eg. seeing is believing. (眼見為實)
saying is easier than doing.
collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單數)
動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習慣表答法：
it is no use (good) + 動名詞：做某事沒有用
eg. it’s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)
there is no + 動名詞 (= it is impossible to do sth.)
eg. there is no knowing what may happen.（未來的事無法知道）
②作表語：通常是說明主語的內容，注意它與謂語動詞進行時的區別
eg. his hobby is collecting stamps. (此句為svc結構) 可改為：collecting stamps is his hobby.
cf. he is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語動詞進行時，此句為svo結構)
不能改為：collecting stamps is he.
③作賓語
a. 作及物動詞 的賓語(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)
eg. XX年上海卷no.32
   he got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.