高二英語(yǔ)war and peace教案
定語(yǔ)從句重、難點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)檔案
一、語(yǔ)意重復(fù)。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的成分,所以從句里相應(yīng)的句子成分不能再保留,否則就犯了語(yǔ)意重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤。如:
the main topic people are often talking about at present is personal cars.
the main topic是先行詞,關(guān)系代詞that或which在從句中作賓語(yǔ),被省略了,所以做賓語(yǔ)的替代詞it不能再出現(xiàn)了。
二、分裂現(xiàn)象。如無(wú)特殊原因,定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后。如:
everything that has weight and occupies space is called matter.
初學(xué)者很容易將此意表達(dá)成:everything is called matter that has weight and occupies space. 這就是人為地造成的分裂現(xiàn)象。但是有時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間需要插入定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)時(shí)則另當(dāng)別論。如:
there is an expression in his eyes that i cannot understand.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間被in his eyes隔開(kāi)了。
三、主、謂不一致。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該和先行詞的數(shù)與格保持一致,否則就是犯了主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如:
god bless this ship and all that sail in her. (bible)
本例先行詞all指的是“所有的人”,所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)不能用sails。
四、關(guān)系代詞that、who直接置于介詞后。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞必須用which(指物)或 whom (指人),而且不能省略。如果把介詞放到句子的后部去,這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可用that或who,也可以把它們省略。如:
the cost at which we produce the cars has been greatly reduced.
由于關(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞at之后,所以只能用which,而且不能省略。
五、關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的誤用。不管先行詞是指人還是物,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí),都必須用whose;但指物時(shí),還可以用“the + 名詞 + of which”或“which of its + 名詞”的形式表示。如:
this is a new digital control machine tool whose functions are very advanced.
本例中的whose functions還可以用which of its functions或者the functions of which替換。
六、關(guān)系代詞that的誤用。先行詞是以下某種情形時(shí),必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句:(1)被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾;(2)被every, only, any, just, right, no等詞修飾;(3)是all, few, little, much, none, some以及anything, everything, nothing (something不受此限制)等不定代詞;(4)同時(shí)為人和物;(5)為疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如:
everything that appears on the internet is very appealing.
初學(xué)者由于記得不牢,此時(shí)常常誤用which引導(dǎo)。
七、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句誤用that作引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不能用that,必須用which。此外可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的還有who,whom,where,when,as等關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,而且不能省略。如:
the italian team defeated the german team, which some people had expected.
此時(shí)還可以將which換成as,意思是“正如有的人已經(jīng)預(yù)料到的一樣”。
八、as和which的誤用。非限制性從句前置于句首時(shí),不能用which,而要用as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如:
as is well known to us all, life can’t exist without air or water.