2018屆高考英語第一輪語法大全復習教案及配套練習2
do go
主動 被動
現在分詞 doing being done going
過去分詞 / done gone
完成式 having done having been done /
9.1 分詞作定語
不及物動詞的現在分詞作定語表達強調動作正在進行，過去分詞強調完成；及物動詞的現在分詞作定語強調主動，過去分詞強調被動。分詞的完成式一般不作定語。分詞作其他成分時，也是如此。分詞作定語，單個的分詞作定語一般前置；分詞詞組，個別分詞如given, left等，修飾不定代詞等的分詞，作定語需后置。例如：
we can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日
he is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
there was a girl sitting there. 有個女孩坐在那里
this is the question given. 這是所給的問題
there is nothing interesting. 沒有有趣的東西
分詞作定語相當于定語從句，如most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.
典型例題
1） the first textbook ___ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
a. have written b. to be written c. being written d. written
答案d. 書與寫作是被動關系，應用過去分詞做定語表被動，相當于定語從句 which was written
2）what\'s the language ____ in germany?
a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak
答案b. 主語language與謂語動詞之間有被動的含義。spoken，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken 與 language有被動關系。該句可以理解為：what\'s the language （which is） spoken in german?
9.2 分詞作狀語
分詞作狀語，可以表示時間，原因，理由，條件，讓步，連續等，相當于一個狀語從句。例如：
not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call. 由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了個電話。
as i didn\'t receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.
given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多給些照顧，那些樹會長得更好。
if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
典型例題
1）_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.
a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed
答案b. napoleon 與follow 之間有被動的含義。being followed除表達被動之外，還有動作正在進行之意。 followed by（被…跟隨）。本題可改為： with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.
2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed
答案b. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發出者，為主動。用現在分詞。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat
答案c. 本題要選分詞作為狀語。現在分詞表主動，正在進行的；過去分詞表被動的，已經完成的。對于液體來說是加熱的受動者，是被動的，因而選c。它相當于一個狀語從句 when it is heated，…