2018屆高考英語第一輪語法大全復習教案及配套練習2
注意:選擇現在分詞還是過去分詞,關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出,分詞就選用現在分詞,反之就用過去分詞。例如:
used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長時間,這本書看上去很舊。
using the book, i find it useful. 在使用的過程中,我發(fā)現這本書很有用。
9.3 連詞+分詞(短語)
有時為使分詞短語與主句關系更清楚,可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有: when,while,if though,after, before, as. 但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個。例如:
while waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
等在那兒時,他看見兩個靚妹走出大樓。(waiting 和saw 的主語相同)
9.4 分詞作補語
通常在感官動詞和使役動詞之后。例如:
i found my car missing. 我發(fā)現我的車不見了。
\'ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分詞作表語
表示主語的狀態(tài)等。例如:
she looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙著做飯,看上去有些疲倦。
he remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分詞作插入語
分詞作插入語的結構是固定的,意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。例如:
generally speaking 一般說來
talking of (speaking of) 說道
strictly speaking 嚴格的說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來
例如:judging from his face, he must be ill. 從他的臉色看,他一定是病了。
generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說,狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的動作)
9.7 分詞的時態(tài)
1)一般式表示與主語動詞同時發(fā)生。例如:
hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息,他高興得手舞足蹈。
arriving there, they found the boy dead. 一到那兒,他們就發(fā)現那男孩死了。
典型例題
the secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing
答案b. 此處沒有連詞,不能選d,否則出現了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在b,c中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生,且與主語為主動關系,應用現在分詞。
2)完成時表示先于主語動詞發(fā)生。例如:
while walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
分詞作時間狀語,如果先與主動詞的動作,且強調先后, 要用having done。
having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作業(yè)后,他出去了。
=as he had finished his homework, he went out.
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
a. not receiving b. receiving not c. not having received d. having not received
答案c. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據題意判斷,分詞的動作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前,因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構成為not +分詞,故選c。該句可理解為:because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.