2018屆高考英語第一輪語法大全復(fù)習(xí)教案及配套練習(xí)2
9.8 分詞的語態(tài)
1)通常,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動。例如:
he is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…)他就是給你錢的那個人。
he is the man stopped by the car. (= who was stopped by…)他就是那個被車攔住的人。
2)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。
例如: a well-read person. 一個讀過許多書的人
a much-traveled may 一個去過許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴
10.獨立主格
10.1 獨立主格
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞;
名詞(代詞)+形容詞;
名詞(代詞)+副詞;
名詞(代詞)+不定式;
名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點:1)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。
2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。
3)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。
the test finished, we began our holiday. = when the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了,我們開始放假。
the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = after the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.天氣允許,我們明天去看你。
this done, we went home. 工作完成后,我們才回家。
the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.會議結(jié)束后,每個人都想早點回家。
he came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵凍得紅通通的。
he came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書,走出圖書館
10.2 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨立主格
表示伴隨情況時,既可用分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu),也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。例如:
he stood there, his hand raised. = he stood there, with his hand raise.他舉手著站在那兒。
典型例題
the murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied
答案d. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時,其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞\"手\"與分詞\"綁\"是被動關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞,選d.
注意:
1) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題: 當(dāng)介詞是in時,其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。例如:a robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)劫匪沖進房間,手里拿著刀。
2) 當(dāng)表示人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時,及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞,不及物動詞用過去分詞。
he lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
他躺在那兒,牙緊咬,雙手握拳,兩眼直勾勾看著上面。