2016屆高考英語第一輪語法大全復習教案及配套練習4
15.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:
there is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
there are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩,二十三個女孩。
2)當either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:
either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
15.3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:
the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。
he as well as i wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
15.4 謂語需用單數
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語時,或主語中含有each, every時, 謂語需用單數。例如:
each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。
there is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數。例如:
the arabian night is a book known to lovers of english. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。
3)表示金錢,時間,價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數。例如:
three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做準備。
ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
15.5 指代意義決定謂語的單復數
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定。例如:
all is right. 一切順利。
all are present. 人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語動詞用復數形式時強調這個集體中的各個成員,用單數時強調該集體的整體。例如:
his family isn\'t very large. 他家成員不多。
his family are music lovers. 他家個個都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復數形式。例如:
are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數,有時看作復數。例如:
a number of +名詞復數+復數動詞。
the number of +名詞復數+單數動詞。
a number of books have lent out.
the majority of the students like english.
15.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如: