2016屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪語(yǔ)法大全復(fù)習(xí)教案及配套練習(xí)4
1)關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于\"介詞+ which\"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和\"介詞+ which\"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如:
there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
beijing is the place where(in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。
is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞,可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如:
his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。
18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如:
this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。
i\'ll never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò)) this is the mountain village where i visited last year.
(錯(cuò)) i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.
(對(duì)) this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.
(對(duì)) i\'ll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1. is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
答案:例1 d,例2 a
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語(yǔ),而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ),又可做從句的賓語(yǔ),可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選d。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對(duì),所以選a。
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),why 原因狀語(yǔ)) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1) 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如: