2018屆高考英語獨立主格結構
b.-ing形式“獨立主格結構”
動詞的-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般應與句子的主語保持一致。
being ill, he went home.
由于生病,他回家了。（= as he was very ill, he went home.）
seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
在課桌旁坐好后，他開始看雜志。（= when he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）
1. 表示時間的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
每個人都準備好后，老師開始上課。（相當于一個時間狀語從句when everyone was
ready)
the chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.
每個人坐好后，主席開始開會。（相當于一個時間狀語從句after everyone was seated）
2. 表示原因的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那個男孩帶路，我們沒有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相當于一個原因狀語從句because the boy led the way）
many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 許多眼睛看著他，他感到有點兒緊張。（相當于一個原因狀語從句as many eyes were watching him）
必背：
含有being的獨立主格結構。
it being national day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是國慶節,街上很擁擠。
= as it is national day today, the streets are very crowded.
there being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。
= as there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.
3. 表示條件的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
時間允許的話，我們下星期將進行一次野炊。（相當于一個條件狀語從句if time permits)
my health allowing, i will work far into the night.
我的健康許可的話，我愿工作到深夜。（相當于一個條件狀語從句if my health allows）
4. 表示方式的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
the students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
學生們快樂地在學校里走著，每個人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當于一個并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）
the boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.
男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。（相當于一個并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）
c.-ed形式“獨立主格結構”
與邏輯主語+動詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結構。
the book written in simple english, english beginners were able to read it.
該書是用簡單英語寫的，英語初學者也能看懂。
= as the book was written in simple english，english beginners were able to read it.
the workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。
= as their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.