2018屆高考英語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
信號發(fā)出了，火車開始起動了。
= after the signal was given, the train started.
i wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
工作還沒完成，我不敢回家。
= i wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.
e. with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ing形式
the man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍，那男子感到很高興。
= the man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
the girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。
= the girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁沒人注意的時候，從窗口溜走了。
= when no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
f. with+名詞代詞+動詞不定式
the little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩看上去很不開心。
= the little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
the kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。
the kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
提示：
在with/without 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。
without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。（without不能省略）
九、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語、時間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上，“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號與主句隔開。
a.作狀語
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句或并列分句。
1.表示時間
night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降臨，我們在一家小旅館住了下來。
（= when night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）
all the guests seated, they began their dinner.
所有的客人就坐后，他們才開始吃飯。
（= when all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）
with everything she needed bought, grace took a taxi home.
所需要的都買好后，格雷斯打的回家了。
（after everything she needed was bought, grace took a taxi home.）
2.表示原因
with a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
有許多難題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。
（= as he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）
there being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.
由于在半夜沒有交通工具了， 他只好步行回家。
(= as there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)
3.表示條件
weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.