2018屆高考英語獨立主格結構
he was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。
= he was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
the task completed, he had two months' leave.
任務完成以后，他休了兩個月的假。（=when the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）
比較：
動詞不定式表示動作沒有發生或即將發生，動詞-ed形式表示動作已經結束，動詞-ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。
the manager looks worried，many things to settle. 經理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經理本人來處理，用不定式to settle）
the manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 許多事情已經處理好了， 經理看上去很輕松。（事情已經處理好了，用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經結束）
the food being cooked, the boy was watching tv. 小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個動作同時進行）
the food cooked, the boy went to bed. 飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的
八、 with、without 引導的獨立主格結構
介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補足語可以構成獨立主格結構，上面討論過的獨立主格結構的幾種情況在此結構中都能體現。
a. with+名詞代詞+形容詞
he doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。
= he doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.
he stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。
= he stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
注意：
在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構成的獨立主格結構中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
with his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。
with his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.
父親如此出名，兒子不想讀書。
b. with+名詞代詞+副詞
our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的燈都打開時，我們的學校看上去更美。
= our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.
the boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父親在前，小孩在后走著。
= the boy was walking and his father was ahead.
c. with+名詞代詞+介詞短語
he stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或
he stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。
= he stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.
vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或
vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。
= vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.
d. with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ed形式
with his homework done, peter went out to play.
作業做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= when his homework was done, peter went out to play.
with the signal given, the train started.