高考英語復(fù)習(xí)高一下學(xué)期語法重難點(diǎn)集匯
一、 虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法
虛擬語氣用于簡單句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。謂語動(dòng)詞要用原形。
二、 虛擬語氣在主從復(fù)合句中的用法
（1） 在狀語從句中的用法
1、 條件句中的用法
虛擬語氣的條件句是用謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在、過去事實(shí)相反的情況或?qū)戆l(fā)生的情況表示懷疑，和直陳語氣條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式以及表達(dá)的含義完全不同。虛擬語氣條件句中所用的謂語動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)等，只表示不同的虛擬語氣，和直陳語氣的過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)等毫無關(guān)系。
現(xiàn)將虛擬語氣的各種具體形式和用法分述如下；
a. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況
①形式
條件從句的動(dòng)詞形式 主句的動(dòng)詞形式
if i (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行為動(dòng)詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were） i (we) should
you (he,she , +動(dòng)詞原形或：
they,it ) would
所有人稱+might(could)+動(dòng)詞原形
②用法：
if i had more time, i should study german.(fact:i have no more time, so i shall not study german. )
if she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)
if they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)
b. 表示與過去誓死相反的情況
①形式；
條件從句的動(dòng)詞形式 主句的動(dòng)詞形式
if i (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+過去分詞 i (we) should
you (he,she , +have+過去分詞或：
they,it ) would
所有人稱+could(might)+have+過去分詞
②用法：
i would have checked my paper again if i had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:i had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so i didn’t check my paper again)
you would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: he didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )
c. 表示與將來事實(shí)相反的情況
①形式：
條件從句的動(dòng)詞形式 主句的動(dòng)詞形式
a. if i (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行為動(dòng)詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）通常要與一個(gè)表將來的時(shí)間的狀語連用
b. if (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should
+動(dòng)詞原形
c. if i (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+動(dòng)詞原形 i (we) should
you would +動(dòng)詞原形或：
he(she,it ) would
they would
i (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+動(dòng)詞原形
②用法：
if it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(the weather has been changeable these days.)
if it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( the weather has beenvery good these days.)