被動語態(tài)“五注意”

 動詞的被動語態(tài)在語法中起著舉足輕重的作用，也是歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)。在學(xué)習(xí)時我們應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一、掌握被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)
 動詞的被動語態(tài)是由動詞be加上過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。如：
 breakfast is provided in our hotel from 7 to 9 o’clock on weekdays.（一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)）
 we haven’t moved into the new house because the rooms are being painted. （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)）
 the sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
（一般將來時的被動語態(tài)）
 two big towers were being built there at that time.
（過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)）
 my hometown was liberated in 1949 and now it has been turned into a beautiful city.（一般過去時的被動語態(tài)）
 the doctor has already been sent for.
（現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)）
 when firefighters arrived, the big fire had been put out.
（過去完成時的被動語態(tài)）
 二、注意短語動詞的被動語態(tài)
 有不少短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，所以這些短語動詞亦有被動語態(tài)。如：
 many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory.
 he is often made fun of for this by his classmates.
 有些由“動詞 + 名詞 + 介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，變成被動語態(tài)時可以將其中的名詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。如：
 good use is made of the library.（主動句是：they make good use of the library.）
 三、不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)
 常見的不及物動詞有： appear, arrive, belong, come, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, take place, occur等。如：
 the train arrived at the station 20 minutes late.
 something unexpected occurred.
 the film festival takes place in october.
 四、有些動詞的主動形式可以表示被動意義
 這類動詞是一些表示主語特征、性質(zhì)的不及物動詞，如： sell, wash, wear, shut, open, read, write, cut, end, begin等；連系動詞look, feel, taste, smell, sound等，也可用主動形式表示被動意義，但后要接形容詞作表語，不能接副詞。如：
 the door won’t shut.   
 the cloth washes well.
 the flowers smell sweet.  
 the food tastes nice.
 五、某些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞是由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，雖然形式上是被動的，但描述的卻是一種狀態(tài)。常見的這類形容詞有： interested, lost, dressed, surprised, engaged等。如：
 he was dressed in a police uniform at that time.
 the girl was lost in the forest.
 my uncle has been engaged in the study of medicine for 20 years.