選修7第2單元Unit 2 不定式的被動語態導學單（3）
unit 2 不定式的被動語態----the passive infinitive一、不定式的時態1. he hopes to see (see) you again.2.i’m sorry to have lost (lose) your key.3. it happened to be raining (rain) when i got there.4. he appears to have been waiting (wait ) a long time.不定式有時態的變化，時態共四種，即不定式的一般式、完成式、進行式和完成進行式.不定式的一般式表示 動作在謂語動詞同時或之后發生不定式的完成式表示_動作在謂語動詞之前發生.不定式的進行式表示 謂語動詞發生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行不定式的完成進行式表示 謂語動詞發生之前,不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續. 二、不定式的語態1.it is an honor for me to be asked (ask) to speak here.2.he thought it an honor to have been invited (invite) to the party.3.the books are not allowed to be taken (take) out of the room.4. the book is said to have been translated (translate) into many languages.不定式還有語態的變化, 語態分為 主動語態 和 被動語態。語態 時態主動語態被動語態一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have doneto have been done進行式to be doing /完成進行式to have been doing /㈠.主動式( to do / to be doing /to have done/to have been doing)當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的執行者時.1. we want to learn english well.2. robert is said ____ abroad, but i didn’t know what country he studied in.(nmet99)a. to have studied b. to study c. made d. to make㈡.被動式( to be done / to have been done)當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時.1. he didn’t like to be laughed at.2. he claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.a. being badly treated b. treating badlyc. to be treated badly d. to have been badly treated.不定式在句中用主動式還是被動式，多數情況下是容易判別的，但有時的確比較復雜，請注意以下幾點：1. 在there be結構中。在there be結構中，用來修飾主語的不定式可以用被動形式，也可以用主動形式，在口語中用主動形式的時候更多一些。如：there is no time to lose (to be lost). 時間緊迫，不能耽誤了。 there are still many difficulties to overcome (to be overcome). 還有許多困難要克服。 但有時候用主動和被動可分別表示不同的意思。當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式，如果說話人強調的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動形式。試比較: there is nothing to do now. (we have nothing to do.) 我們現在沒事干。 there is nothing to be done now. (we can do nothing now.) 現在沒有什么辦法了。 2.在“n/pron + be + adj + to do”結構中，常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。