英語 - 談談被動語態的用法

英語中及物動詞有兩種語態，即主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be有人稱、時態和數的變化。

一、被動語態的用法：

1.一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2.一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞

A new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3.現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4.一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5.含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6.現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

7.不定式的被動語態：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

There are two books to be read. →

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

二、怎樣把主動語態改成被動語態?

把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：

1.先找出謂語動詞；

2.再找出謂語動詞后的賓語；

3.把賓語用作被動語態中的主語；

4.注意人稱、時態和數的變化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.

3.He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.

4.They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

5.Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.

6.You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.

三、使用被動語態應注意的幾個問題：

1.不及物動詞無被動語態。

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3.感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態中不帶to ，但變為被動語態時，須加上to 。

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5.一些動詞短語用于被動語態時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

只要你掌握了以上一些方法，被動語態并不難學。