被動語態復習

                               
語態(voice)，作為一個語法范疇，是表示主語和動詞之間的主動或被動關系的動詞行式。英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態(active voice)和被動語態(passive voice)。當主語為動作執行者即施動者時，動詞用主動態；如果主語是動作的承受者即受動者時，動詞便用被動態。例如：
(1) john helped peter.
(2) peter was helped by john.
句(1) helped是主動態；句(2)was helped是被動態,可見主動態是無標記的，而被動態是有標記的。
構成
被動語態由助動詞be的時態之一和及物動詞的過去分詞構成。被動語態可用于各種時態，其時態變化通過助動詞be的不同形式來體現。如：一般現在時的被動態構成形式為助動詞am/is/are + 過去分詞；而一般過去時的被動態構成形式為was/were + 過去分詞。本冊要掌握的被動語態形式有：
一般現在時：am/is/are + 過去分詞
e.g. football is played all over the world.
i’m often asked to do this work.
我常常被派做這項工作。
一般過去時：was/were +過去分詞
e.g. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xi’an.
they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.
when was the building completed?
這座大樓什么時候建成的？
一般將來時：will (shall) + be +過去分詞
be going to + be + 過去分詞
e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon.
they are going to be given a difficult test.
一般過去將來時：should(would) be+過去分詞
e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon.
he told me that the film would be shown the next week.
現在進行時：am/is/are + being +過去分詞
e.g. the new airport is being built by a foreign company.
一家外國公司正在承建這座新機場。
the song is being sung by the girls now.
過去進行時：was/were being+過去分詞
e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there.
the student was being criticized when i went into the
teacher’s office.
將來完成時：will have been+過去分詞
e.g. by the end of next term english words will
have been learned.
the building will have been built by next year.
現在完成時：has/have + bee n +過去分詞
e.g. all the tickets have been sold .
the book has been translated into many languages.
這本書已被譯成多種語言。
過去完成時：had been+過去分詞
e.g. forty schools had been visited by last year.
all the tickets had been sold out when i got to the cinema.
過去將來完成時：would have been+過去分詞
e.g. he said many words would have been learned by .
they promised that ten books would have been published
by the next month.
情態動詞：情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞
e.g. this road must be mended.
the machine parts may be needed in our work.