2022屆高考英語特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)、替代、省略和倒裝)
2.謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào) it is/ was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語,如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞do/ does或did。 do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。 he did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。 do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時(shí),務(wù)必(千萬)要小心啊! 注意:此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/does和did ,沒有別的形式;過去時(shí)用did,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。 ii替代 1.do/does/did替代動(dòng)詞 if that's the case then 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 people would weigh as much as the whole earth does.(= weighs) difficulties strengthen the mind, as labour does(= strengthen) the body.勞動(dòng)鍛煉身體,困難鍛煉意志。 a feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.(替代) 2.so和not分別代替肯定和否定的從句(常用動(dòng)詞:think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,be afraid,fear,hope.etc.) —is he coming? —i suppose so./so i suppose. 否定:i suppose not. iii.省略句 省略在英語運(yùn)用中,尤其是在交際對(duì)話中普遍存在,因?yàn)樗梢员苊庵貜?fù),突出關(guān)鍵詞語,能做到言簡(jiǎn)意賅,并使上下文緊密連接。在歷年的高考題中也屢見不鮮。省略有詞法上的省略,也有句法上的省略。 (一)詞法上的省略 1.名詞所有格后修飾的名詞在以下情況可以省略 ①如果名詞所有格修飾的名詞在前文已出現(xiàn),則可以省略。 these are john's books and those are mary's (books). 這些是約翰的書,那些是瑪麗的書。 ②名詞所有格后修飾的名詞如果是指商店、住宅等地點(diǎn)時(shí),這些名詞也常常省略。 at the doctor's 在診所 at mr. green's 在格林先生家 to my uncle's 到我叔叔家 at the barber's 在理發(fā)店 2.冠詞的省略 ①為了避免重復(fù) the lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 電閃雷鳴。(thunder前省略了定冠詞the) ②在副詞的最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞常可以省略。 she sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。 ③在某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。 our teacher came in, book in hand. (=our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.) 我們的老師手里拿著一本書進(jìn)來了。 ④在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)作表語的單數(shù)名詞提前時(shí),不定冠詞要省略。 child as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他還是一個(gè)孩子,卻懂得很多。 3.介詞的省略 ①both 后常跟of短語,其后可以接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,也可以接代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)形式。接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),介詞of可以省略,但接代詞賓格時(shí),of不能省略。 both (of) the films were interesting. 這兩部電影都很有趣。 she invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀請(qǐng)我們倆去參加她的生日派對(duì)。 ②在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)和重復(fù)的句型中,一段時(shí)間前的介詞for可以省略。 these shoes are worn out. they have lasted (for) a long time. 這雙鞋穿破了,已經(jīng)穿了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。 ③和一些動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語中的介詞,consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing...,