Unit 1 Good friends教案

  先看unit 1 grammar (direct and indirect speech) 中的兩個句子:
①"i like reading adventure stories," said john
   →john said that he liked reading adventure stories.
②"how can you do that?" mary said to ann. → mary asked ann how she could do that.
 以上這兩個句子是陳述句和疑問句的直接引語變為間接引語的例子。那么，同學們應該怎樣把直接引語變為間接引語呢？下面就陳述句和疑問句的直接引語變間接引語進行簡要講解。
 因為直接引語變為間接引語是轉述他人所說的話，所以主句的動詞、從句的人稱、從句動詞的時態、時間狀語等要根據實際情況進行相應的變化。
 一、主句動詞的變化
 一般說來，主句謂語動詞常為said或said to，變為間接引語時，當直接引語是陳述句時，said變為said (that)，而said to sb.則變為told sb.。當直接引語是一般疑問句和特殊疑問句時，則要變為asked / asked sb.+ if / whether或asked sb.+ what等特殊疑問詞引導的句子。 例如：
 ①mr. black said, “i'm busy.”→ mr. black said that he was busy.
 ②“i'll go to your farm tomorrow,” he said to her.
   →he told her that he would go to her farm the next day.
 ③he said, “are you ready?” →he asked (us) if / whether we were ready.
 ④he said, “what do you want to do?” →he asked what i wanted to do.
 二、從句人稱的變化
 由直接引語變間接引語時，從句的主語人稱要遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。①直接引語的主語是第一人稱變為間接引語時要和主句的主語保持一致。②如果直接引語的主語是第二人稱變為間接引語時要與主句的賓語保持一致。③如果直接引語的主語是第三人稱變為間接引語時，人稱不變。例如：
 ①they said, “we will go there by bus.” →they said they would go there by bus.
 ②she said to me, “are you interested in science?”
    →she asked me if i was interested in science.
 ③his mother said to me, “he can't go to school.”
    →his mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
 三、從句動詞時態的變化
 1. 直接引語變為間接引語時，如果主句中的謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時，則間接引語從句的時態保持不變。例如：
 ①he says, “i have finished my homework.”
    →he says that he has finished his homework.
 ②she will say, “i'll do it tomorrow.” →she will say that she'll do it the next day.
 2. 如果主句的時態是一般過去時，從句的時態則應是與主句時態相應的過去時態。①一般現在時→一般過去時；②一般過去時→過去完成時；③現在進行時→過去進行時；④現在完成時→過去完成時；⑤過去完成時→過去完成時（不變）；⑥一般將來時→過去將來時。例如：
 ①the girl said, “i'm sorry for being late for class.”