高一英語語法教案
高一英語【北師大版】必修一語法
【一】分詞作狀語的區別
（1）現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。
現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區別。
1）現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。
he went out ，shutting the door behind him.
他出去后將門隨手關上。
not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。
2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。
given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。
faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設法克服。
caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better
2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。
reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch.由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)
reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔細讀書時，發現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)
reading carefully，you'll learn something new.只要你仔細閱讀，你會學到一些新的東西。(條件)
作賓補時，如果動詞和賓語之間是主動關系，用現在分詞； 如果是被動關系或者表示狀態，用過去分詞
we left him crying outside the gate.
we found his hands tied behind his back.
we found the world outside changed. 狀態
用過去分詞還是現在分詞做定語的判斷關鍵：名詞與該動作的關系
【二】分詞作定語的區別
1. 現在分詞做定語：
從功能上看，現在分詞做定語表示 1）主動（及物）；2）進行（不及物）。
做定語：相當于一個定語從句 (主動)
do you know the boy standing at the door?
à do you know the boy who is standing at the door?
a developing country needs aids. àa country that/which is developing needs aids.
they lived in a house facing the south
àthey lived in a house that faced the south.
the man wearing a red tie is our head.
àthe man who wears a red tie(戴紅領帶) is our head.
the workers working in the factory are well-paid.
àthe workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.
在這家工廠工作的工人報酬很好
2.過去分詞做定語
從功能上看，過去分詞做定語表示1）被動（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。
做定語：相當于一個定語從句（被動），有時侯也表示完成的
the broken window was repaired this morning.
the window broken yesterday was….
àthe window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了
the sold hamburgers are not to my taste.
the hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..這家連鎖店賣的漢堡不適合我的口味