Unit3 The Computer and the Information Age-grammar教案

it is 3 years since he has taught in this university.9.在...hardly...when/...no sooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中，hardly/no sooner 所在的主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when/than所在的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。而且，如果 hardly/no sooner 放在句首，主句部分要部分到裝，從句結(jié)構(gòu)不變。如：i had  hardly recognized him when he turned up.hardly had i recognized him when he turned up.no sooner had the train left than i got to the railway station.10. 在“主句+before+從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主句和從句中動(dòng)詞先后順序明顯，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果主句和從句的動(dòng)作先后順序不明顯，主從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如，the film had been on for 30 minutes before i got there .he hurriedly went out before i said a word.11.在" it be+段時(shí)間+before從句"中，如果從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句中的 動(dòng)詞用will be形式。如果從句中的動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用 was的形式。如：it will not be some time before he graduates.it was 3 years before he graduated.12.在“will/shall be doing"結(jié)構(gòu)中《將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)》，其后往往跟上具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：the plane will be flying over the pacific this time tomorrow morning.13.在“by + 時(shí)間”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果時(shí)間是過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句中的行為動(dòng)詞常為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，但如果句中的動(dòng)詞是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞be ,仍然用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如果時(shí)間是將來(lái)時(shí)間，主句中的行為動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，同樣，如果句中的動(dòng)詞是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞be,仍然用將來(lái)時(shí)。如：by the end of last year,they had completed the task.by last month,he was 10 years old.by he joined the army,he had served us as a cook for 5 years.by next month,we will have learned lesson 21.14.在“主語(yǔ)+介詞+主語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句中的動(dòng)詞要以第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這類介詞有with/together with/as well as/等。如：the teacher together with the students is going to hongkong tomorrow.the dog ,as well as ten sheep is going to be shipped to qingdao .15.在   neither...nor.../either...or.../there be...等結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用“就近原則”。如：were neither you nor he there when the accident happened ?neither you nor he was there when the accident happened.there is a pen and ten books on the desk.there are ten books and one pen on the desk.16.注意一般過(guò)去時(shí) 和 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以指過(guò)去動(dòng)作的完成，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)僅表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。如：---has he finished the book?---i've no idea, but he_____<write> it last week.a.wrote          b.was writing學(xué)生很容易選a。從 i've no idea仔細(xì)分析，可以知道本句的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行，而不是完成。所以b是正確的。