My First Ride on a Train單元學案

（時態應該用過去時態）
（×） 3.was li ming studied english this morning？
（應該用一般動詞，而不是be動詞）
（√） 4.did li ming study enghish this morning？
（在過去發生的動作。）
一般過去時的形式
to be:
第一人稱單數和第三人稱單數用was, 其余的人稱用were。
to do(行為動詞)：
行為動詞的過去式有兩類，一類是規則動詞，另一類是不規則動詞。to have:  各人稱，單、復數一律用had。
 肯 定句 否 定 句
be i /he/she/it was... i/ he /she/it was not ...
 we/you/they were... we /you/they were not...
have
 i /he/she/it/ we/you/they had... i/ he /she/it/we/you/they had not（有）  ...
  i/he/she/it/we/you/they did not have (吃/喝/進行...)…
行為動詞 i /he/she/it/ we/you/they studied… i/ he /she/it/ we /you/they did not study…
 一般疑問句 簡略回答
be was he/she/it...? yes,he was.(no,he wasn’t.)
 were we/you/they...? yes,you were. (no,you were not)
have had i/he/she/it/you/we/ they...?             did i/you/he... have... yes,you had.(no,you hadn’t.)
yes,you did.(no,you didn’t.)
行為動詞 did he/she/ it/ we/you/ they study..? yes,you did.(no,you didn’t.)
3.downtown adv. (美國英語)在城鎮的中心區
e.g. i went downtown to do some shopping today.
   adj. (城鎮的)中心區的，商業區的
        a downtowm office 城市商業區的辦公室
4.travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.
句中travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour是現在分詞短語在句中作狀語。
現在分詞短語用作狀語時，可以表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨或方式以及結果等。從分詞的時間意義上看，現在分詞一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生或幾乎同時發生；從語態意義上看，現在分詞一般式往往表示主動的動作，它所修飾的人或物是分詞動作的執行者，即句子的主語。
（1）表示時間
looking out of the window, i saw some students playing there.(=when i looked out of the window…)
hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
(2)表示時間
being league members, we are ready to help others.=(since we are league members…)
being poor, he couldn’t afford a tv set.
(3)表示條件
working hard, you’ll surely succeed.(=if you work hard…)
(4)表示伴隨或方式
the boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.
he came running back to tell me the news.
(5)表示結果
the child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
5.speed v.&n.
speed by 迅速過去    speed up 加速   at speed 迅速   at full/top speed 全速