Unit2 language -Grammar學(xué)案
it is believed that… 人們相信……
it is known to all that… 從所周知……
it has been decided that… 已決定……
c. it + be +名詞+ that-從句
it is common knowledge that… ……是常識(shí)
it is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
it is a fact that… 事實(shí)是……
d. it +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句
it appears that… 似乎……
it happens that… 碰巧……
it occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
六、名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
主語(yǔ): how the book will sell depends on its author.
書(shū)銷(xiāo)售如何取決于作者本人。
直接賓語(yǔ):in one's own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語(yǔ):the club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。
表語(yǔ): my question is who will take over president of the foundation. 我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):she will name him whatever she wants to.
她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位語(yǔ): i have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。
形容詞賓語(yǔ):i'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。
介詞賓語(yǔ): that depends on where we shall go.
那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?p>2)wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ),而將wh-從句置于句末,例如:
it is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。
it remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。
七、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問(wèn)從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的,因此也分別被稱(chēng)為yes-no型疑問(wèn)句從句和選擇型疑問(wèn)從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同, 例如:
主語(yǔ):whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。
賓語(yǔ):let us know whether / if you can finish the article before friday. 請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫(xiě)完。
表語(yǔ):the point is whether we should lend him the money.
問(wèn)題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢(qián)給他。
同位語(yǔ):they are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.
他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴(lài)。
形容詞賓語(yǔ):
she's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.
她懷疑我們是否能夠前來(lái)。
介詞賓語(yǔ):
i worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔(dān)心他是否能度過(guò)疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。
2)選擇性疑問(wèn)從句
選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構(gòu)成,例如: